GENEALOGY COLLECTION
MONKEN HADLEY.
BY
FKEDEPtICK CH.iELES CASS. M.A.,
OF UALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFOKD, RECTOR OF JI 0 N K E N HADLEY, MIDDLESEX.
" lUe tprrarnni niilii prater omnes
Angulns ridct."
//,-;•. Cunii.U.yi. 13.
WESTMINSTER :
PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS, 25, Parliamext Street.
18S0.
1214098 THE PAEISH OF MONKEN HADLEY.
By the Eev. PREDERICK CHARLES CASS, M.A.
Men sometimes interest themselves in speculating upon the feelings with which their progenitors might he animated could they revisit the scenes, which they once inhabited, and muse over the changed aspect of localities with which they were in lifetime familiar. Assuredly, in many instances, there would remain little beyond the more prominent features of the landscape to recal the memory of events in which they took part, or of places in which they lived and moved and had their being. On the other hand, there can be no doubt of the fascination, which past occurrences exercise over the minds of many of the living, nor of the vivid interest which impels them to repeople in imagination the neighbourlioods in which they dwell Avith the forms and features of those who have preceded them. Hume, in well known words, places this sentiment in the A^ery forefront of his history. " The curiosity," he remarks, " entertained by all civilized nations, of inquiring into the exploits and adventures of their ancestors, commonly excites a regret that the history of remote ages should always be so much involved in obscurity, uncertainty, and contradiction." Passing occurrences, if not noted at the time they happen, leave so transient an impression upon most minds, that it ' ' is extremely diflicult to gather up in a connected form the short and simple annals
**a that constitute a village history, and the memory of the conventional " oldest inhabitant," even if Avell stored with facts, is seldom to be relied upon implicitly,
o when the object is to arrange those facts in chronological succession.
'^ It may not perhaps have entered directly into the purpose of the originators
<—*' of our parish registers, but instances are met Avith, in Avhich they have been made ' not only a record of births, marriages, and deaths, but have likewise served as chronicles of the more remarkable cA'cnts that have diversified the local history ; — the severity of a winter, for example, the productiveness or failure of harvests, the height to which, in a low-lying district, the Avaters have risen during seasons of flood, and so forth. We have cause to lament that such an application of them was not more generally adopted. It would, without doubt, have supplied the
a2
4 The Farisli of Monken Sadley.
annalist with many an interesting fact now irretrievably lost and have illustrated allusions contained in ancient records, which, in the absence of such references, have remained, and will most likely for ever remain, obscure.
A discriminating pursuit, however, of past history is a very diflferent thing, let us remember, from that blind worship of antiquity, which almost seems to resent the idea of progress, and which, if left to itself, would keep society stationary. True wisdom is rather shewn in accepting the present, whilst assigning its proper place to the past ; recognizing in either an adaptability to particular times and particular circumstances, even as it has been said that " To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven." Thus regarded, the teaching of bygone centuries may become an incentive to us to live worthily of our own, — as it were budding a scion of the more cultivated plant upon the pri- mitive stock, with a becoming acknowledirment, but without any over-estimation of the precise measure of our indebtedness. The world is moving on and, if to- day be in advance of yesterday, without yesterday it would not have been at all.
" Wake again, Teutonic Father-ages,
Speak again, beloved piimeyal creeds ;
Flash, ancestral spirit, from your pages,
Wake the greedy age to nobler deeds.
Ye who built the churches where we worship,
Ye who framed the laws by which we move, Fathers, long belied, and long forsaken,
Oh ! forgive the children of your love !
Speak ! but ask us not to be as ye were !
All but God is changing day by day. He who breathes on man the plastic spirit,
Bids us mould ourselves its robe of clay." "
The country lying immediately to the north of London was covered, we are told, at the earliest known period, by extensive forests, through which the com- munications must have been mere tracks only suitable for pedestrians or pack- horses. Erom this will of course be excepted the ancient Roman roads; as, for instance, the Watling Street way, leading from London to Verulam, the modern St. Alban's. The line which this road followed passed throu.gh SuUoniacse,'' placed
" Rev. C. Kingsley. Proem to The Saints' IVagedi/.
'' The Roman fortress built on the site of the scattered town or towns of Sulloniac, where the extent of the remains seems to indicate more than one British post. Clutterbuck's Hist, of Hertfordshire, i. xv.
The Parish of Monk en Hadley. 5
by Camden" at Brockley hill, near Elstree, to the west of the region with which we are now more directly concerned. In his History of St. Alban's Abbey,'' the E,ev. Peter Newcome asserts that " there is sLill visible," in this part of the country, "another original Roman road, through the forest of Enfield Chace, called at this day Camlet way, and which seems to have been the road from Verulam to Camelodunum," or Canonium." Though it is not expressly said, an inference appears to be suggested that the origin of the name may be traced to this circumstance. It is at all events not more remote than the derivation, undoubtedly authentic, of Cattle Gate, near the boundary line of Enfield and Northaw parishes, from Cathale, a small priory dependent upon Cheshunt Nunnery. Mr. Newcome must surely be in error, notwithstanding, in supposing that Camlet way represents the ancient thoroughfare connecting Verulam with Camulodunum. This would almost necessarily have been carried further to the north, and is in fact to be sought along a line passing near Hatfield and Hertford to Bishop's Stortford.'' If indeed there be any real foundation for his surmise, the track in question might rather be conjectured to mark the road which united the Roman stations of Camulodunum and Sulloniacse. However this may have been, it is certain that, from early times, one of the most direct communications between the villages of Hadley and Enfield, through the heart of the intervening chace, was thus designated. In Gunton and Rolfe's map (a.d. 1658), Camlet or Camelot way is distinctly laid down as the road between Hadley church and the elevated ground known as the Ridgeway. It ran past Camlet Moat,^ an old hunting lodge, immortalised by Sir Walter Scott in The Fortimes of Nigel. There are no longer
°- Diet, of Greek and Roman Geograjihij, edited by William Smith, LL.D. art. SuUoniacce.
"p. 7.
"= The first Roman colony in Britain, the Colonia kut' iloxnv, is the Caer Colun of the British and the Camulodunum of the classical writers, according to the general assent of investigators. The contributor to Smith's Diet, of Greek and Roman Geography doubts, however, the identity of Colonia and Camulodunum. The first he believes to have been Colchester, the second Maldon. Smith's Diet., art. Colonia ; Antoninus, Iter Britanniarum, by Rev. Thomas Reynolds, M.A., 1799, j^p. 224, 308.
'' See British and Roman maps of Hertfordshire, by Rev. Thomas Leman, of Bath, at pp. vii. and xiv. of Clutterbuck's Hist, of Hertfordshire, vol. i.
•= " Tradition asserts that the ancient manor-house of Enfield, in the time of the Mandevilles, was situated near the middle of the Chace, not far from the west lodge, where there is still a large square quadrangular area, surrounded by a deep moat, called Camlet-moat, overgrown with briars and bushes." Robinson, Hist, of Enfield, i. 58. This moat is said to have been the lurking place of the notorious high- wayman Turpin, whose grandfather, one Nott, kept the Rose and Crown by the Brook (Bull Beggar's Hole), Clay Hill.
6 The Parish of Monken Sadie ij.
any remains of a building, but the outline of the moat is to be traced a short distance to the west of the northern lodge of Trent Park, within the iuclosure of which it is now comprehended.
Down to times comparatively recent a broad stretch of forest land intervened between Enfield and the Avestern portion of the metropolitan county. In describing the state of England in 1685, lord Macaulay writes that, "at Enfield, hardly out of sight of the smoke of the capital, was a region of five and twenty miles in cir- cumference, which contained only three houses and scarcely any inclosed fields." It was known as the Park or Chace of Enfield, and was only dischased towards the close of the last century (in 1777), by Act of Parliament, 17 Geo. III. c. 17. The Tudor and first two Stuart sovereigns frequently visited it for purposes of sport. Upon the edge or outskirt of this royal hunting ground lay the little parish of Hadley, otherwise known as Monken Hadley (Hadley Mouachorum), owing to its early connection with the Benedictine monastery of Walden in Essex, dedicated to the honour of God, St. Mary, and St. James,'' to which the church of Enfield, together with others in the neighbourhood, likewise belonged. They were comprised in the lordships, with which Geofi^rey, first earl of Essex, grandson of Geoffrey de Mandeville, or Magnaville, a companion in arms of the Conqueror, endowed the abbey in the year 1136.
Galfriclus de Manilevilla, temp. Conq.=j=
Willielmus de Maiidevilla.=j=Margareta, unica filia et hieres Eudonis Dapiferi.
I ^ 1
:Gal£i-idus de Mandevilla (fniidator)=pRoliesia, filia Alberici Beatrix de Jrandevilla=j=Willielmns
erectus in comitem Essexia; per I de Vere com. Oxon. domina de Say, amita
Kegem Steph. ob. xvi. Kal. Oct. postea iiupta Pagano Will, de Mandevilla,
Ili4.° I de Beanchamp. ob. 1200.
de Say.
Alicia, Rober- Galfridus de=:Eusta- Hadewisa, unica=Willielnius de^Christiana, Ernnl- Williel- Galfri-
uxor Job. tus. Mandevilla, chia. filia et ba^res Mandevilla, filia Roberti phns. mus de dus de
de Laci com. Essexia;, Will, le Gros, com. Es- D. Fitz- Say, Say.
Constab. ob. s. p. xii. Com. Allier- sexiie, ob. waiter, ux. ob.vita
Cestria;. Kal. Nov. marliie, ux. 1. s. p. 1189. 2. matris.
1165. —
I '
Beatrix de Say.=^Galfridns, fil. Petri, ob. 1214.
Htimfridns de Bobun Comes Herefordise,=j=Matildis. Galfridus. Willielmus, cognomine Mandevilla (succeeds
ob. 12.34, sep. ap. Walden. | to tbe wbole inheritance), ob. 1228.
I 1 ' 1 1
Matildis. Hnmfridus de Bobun, Comes Herefordiae et=Elizabetba, fil. Henricus. Radulphus.'' EssexiK, Constab. AngUte, ob. 1275. Edwardi I.
"■ Hist, of England, i. 311.
•= In many documents the dedication seems to have been confined to St. James.
'^ " Anno 1144, Gaufridus de Mandevilla consul novus sagitta percussus est, et in ipso vulnere post aliquot dies occubuit." Ex historia Rogeri Hovedeni. Ash. Libr. MS. 844, f. 30. (Now in the Bodleian Library.)
* Dugdale, Mon. iv. 133. Dugdale, Baronage, i. 201.
The Parish of Monhen Madley. 7
Hadley is included in the grant, under tlie name of the Hermitage of Hadley. The charter of foundation runs as follows : — " Gaufridus de Magnavilla comes
Essexise ad universitatis vestre noticiam volo pervenire me fundasse
quoddam monasterium in usus monachorum apud Waldenam ; in honore Dei, et
sanctse Marise, et beati Jacohi apostoli, quibus devote contuli scilicet
ecclesiam deEnefelda, ecclesiamde Edelmetona, ecclesiam de Mymmes, ecclesiam de Senleya, ..... Concedo autem eis et confirmo heremitagium de Hadleya cum omnibus ad eundem locum pertinentibus, introitum, et exitum, et com- munem pasturam pecoribus eorum in parco meo, in quo heremitagium illud situm est," (fee." It would appear, consequently, that at this remote period the hermitage was within the limits of the park or chace of Enfield. When the two surveys, hereafter to be noticed, were made in the seventeenth century, we find the church represented as standing just outside the boundary of the chace. Newcourt *■ thus remarks upon the passage : " So that probably this Church of Hadley was at first but a Chappel to that Hermitage ; or, if it was in those times a Parish Church, yet it was in the Donation of the Abbot and Monks of Walden." It has been alleged by Lysons, on the authority of an ancient MS. that, in the time of Henry VIII. ," Hadley was a hamlet of Edmonton parish, and such a fact would in a manner tend to confirm the above statement that its original church was merely an ecclesiastical structure attached to the hermitage, and directly dependent upon Walden Abbey. It is observable that in some of the oldest documents it is styled Monkeschurch,'' as if, in the eyes of persons living in the neighbourhood, scarcely considered to possess any parochial con- nection.
Extending nearly east and west along the confines of the chace, from Cock- fosters, in the former direction, to the elevated plateau north of the town of Barnet in the latter, the small parish of Monken Hadley, included in the hundred of Edmonton, consisted originally of a narrow strip of uneven and picturesque ground in the form of an acute-angled triangle, having its apex at Cockfosters and its base on the high and level land alluded to, from which it falls with a southern and south-eastern inclination towards the East Barnet valley. It is bounded on the north and east by Enfield, on the south by East and Chipping
" Mon. Angl. iv. 133. •= Repertorinm, i. 621.
"^ Lysons, ii. 517. Cotton MSS. Brit. Mns. Vespasian, E. vi. f. 55.
1 Will of Thomas de Frowyk, of Soutli Mimms, 48 Edw. III. Will of Henry de Frowyk, of the same, 8 Rich. II. Hist, of South Mimms, 77, 82.
8 The Parish of Ilonken Hadley.
Barnet, and on the west by South Mimms. Lysons gives the derivation of the name from the Saxon, Head leagh,"' or high place, an explanation which, if warranted on other grounds, the position of the church and adjacent houses would amply justify. The little hamlet of Cockfosters " is situated in the three parishes of Hadley, Enfield, and East Barnet, on the border itself of Hertford- shire and Middlesex, and must formerly have been a very isolated nook sur- rounded by the forest. One of the houses, which has successively borne the names of Buckskin Hall and Dacre Lodge,*" was apparently one of the keepers' lodges. Against the wall of an upper room there still remains the representation of a hunting scene in fresco outline, presenting every appearance of belonging to the time of James I. even if one of the personages delineated be not intended for a portrait of that monarch.
From the rising ground of Cockfosters a bridle path descends by Ludgrove, otherwise called the Blue House, whence the church of Hadley is visible on the opposite eminence, into a depression, through which a streamlet, becoming after- wards the Pymmes brook, finds its way by East Barnet and Bowes to Edmonton, there to be united with the Lea. At the present time it issues from the orna- mental water within Beech-hill-park, but anciently must have drained the uuinclosed land in that portion of the chace, at a period when the lake in question had no existence. Emerging from the bed of the stream, through trees and underwood, this bridle path, after traversing an interval of level ground and passing a house known as the Eolly farm,"* built, as there is evidence to show, between the years 1636 and 1686, by one Thomas Turpin," rises with a sharp ascent, which in 1658*^ bore the name of Pridgen's" Hill, in the direction of the
* Heafod, a head, or Heah, high, and Leag, legh, leah, lega, ley, A ley, field, place, campus, pascuum. — Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Diet.
^ The origin of this name has been a somxe of perplexity to many. Amongst other surmises a con- jecture has been hazarded that it may be looked for in the French bicoque forestiere, indicative of a remote situation amidst uninclosed forest land. Bicoque, petite ville ou place de peu de consideration, a little paltry town. Fleming and Tibbins' Fr. Diet. The French historian, M. Henri Taine, employs the word in this sense : Origines de la France Contemporaine, L'ancien Regime, p. 59. Eugenie de Guerin, in her letters, p. 281, speaks of " une bicoque de village."
"= Now the residence of Percival Bosanquet, esq. who has reverted to the older designation.
« The carriage road from Barnet and Hadley, in the direction of Cockfosters, carried over the Great Northern Railway by a bridge, to the east of the original track, now disused, terminates at this point.
« Thomas Turpin was Mr. Secretary Coventry's servant. — Survey of Enfield Chace in Hadley parish chest. The house was probably erected not long before the later of the dates mentioned in the text.
f Gunton and Rolfe's map. s The name is met with in Enfield parish in 1661.
S i
CO sfc
3 2
The Parish of Monhen Haclley. 9
parish cliurch. On the brow of the hill still flourishes by the roadside, in hale old age, a venerable relic of the forest, which for some years past has been called Latimer's elm/ In the days that preceded the Union the parish work -house stood very near it. The view from this spot is interesting still. Before the Great Northern Railway was constructed, when not a dwelling, save the residence of Lyonsdown with its adjacent buildings, now destroyed, occupied the space now filled by the modern houses of New Barnet, it was very lovely. Taking in the hamlet ,of Cockfosters and the mansions of Belmont and Little Grove on the rising ground to the left, the eye followed the outline of the East Barnet valley until the view was terminated southwards by Muswell Hill and High gate. Here and there, still ascending westwards towards Hadley church, and immediately contiguous to the houses, the decaying skeletons of other forest trees continue to define the ancient limits of the Chace, whilst the withered and leafless trunk " adjacent to the rectory perhaps marks its extremest limit in that direction.
It is probable that, from a very early date, a line of dwellings fringed the eastern side of the road leading to Barnet and of the present Hadley Green, looking westwards over the open heath or moor where the great battle was fought. The parishes are perplexingly interlaced in this quarter, Hadle}' extending to within a short distance of Barnet church on the eastern side of the road, Avhereas, on the western, it gives place to South Minims before reaching the entrance of the New Road. On the level plain, of which Hadley Green now forms a portion, was fought on Easter Day, 14 April, 1471, the decisive battle, which assured the re-establishment of Edward IV. upon the throne, and which, even without the subsequent victory of Tewkesbury,' three weeks later, gave a final blow to the hopes of the Lancastrian party. A hazs of uncertainty hangs over the details of the engagement, though the accounts of several of the old chroniclers were compiled within comparatively few years afterwards.'' More perhaps than on any other points are they found at variance with respect to the numbers engaged and the extent of the slaughter. It was naturally the policy of the Yorkist writers, whose authority would have been in the ascendant sub-
" The name occurs in the parish Reg. John Latimer and Mary Partridge were mar. 2 Oct. 1678.
•> A picturesque cottage, of considerable antiquity, which formed its appropriate background, was pulled down in the winter of 1872-3, and the site included within the precincts of Hadley Lodge.
<^ The battle of Tewkesbury was fought on the ith of May, 1471.
* Warkworth was Master of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, 1473 — 1498. Philippe de Comines died in 1511. The Chronicle of Robert Fabian, a London alderman, was first printed in 1516. John Rastell, a printer, who married a sister of Sir Thomas More, died in 1536. Edward Halle, a lawyer, and judge in the sheriffs court, died in 1 547.
B
10 The Farisli of Monken Hcidley.
seqnently, to enhance the glory of Edward's success by representing the strength of his forces as falling largely below that of his rivals. But the feudal arrange- ments of that day were not unlikely to leave the numerical strength of the armies in doubt, as different leaders, with the troops under their orders, came in, up to the last moment, to range themselves under one standard or the other. It is conceivable too that, on this occasion, many who took part in the battle were undecided to the last which cause they should espouse. There was evidently a general suspicion of treachery, and the course which Warwick himself and bis brother Montagu might ultimately adopt was by no means sure.
Even the precise site of the battle has been debated. Salmon, in his History of Hertfordshire," says that "the place which the present Inhabitants take for the Eield of Battle is a green spot near Kick's-Und, between the Si. Alhan's Koad and the Hatjield Road, a little before they meet." It is near this that Su' Jeremy Sambrooke's obelisk now stands, and here it was, according to tradition, that Warwick fell. Mere tradition, however, can only be accepted with considerable reserve, and it is to be remembered that the chronicles would rather lead to a conclusion that the Lancastrian chief lost his life after his forces had been already broken and in the rear of his original order of battle. Ear more likely is it, therefore, both from this consideration and from the configuration of the ground, that the line occupied by Warwick's army was drawn nearer to Barnet, extending in the direction of Hadley church eastwards and crossing what is now Hadley Green in the contrary direction. We can hardly suppose that so experienced a leader would have been unobservant of the depression to the north of Hadley church, or insensible to the danger of having it in the rear of his position. Besides which, he enjoyed the advantage of being first in the field, and was in a condition, we may presume, to study its features before they became obscured by the fog. This accords moreover with Sir John Paston's statement, when writing to his mother from sanctuary in London, on the Thursday following, that the encounter took place "halfe a mile from Barnet," '' and with the site mentioned by Halle." We can thus easily understand how the disordered troops of Edward's
= Ed. 1728, p. 56.
^ A.D. 1471, 18 April. Sir John Paston to Margaret Paston. " Wretyn at London the thorysdaye in Estem weeke." His brother John, of Gelston, had been wounded by an arrow in the battle below the ri"-ht elbow. 30 K^xW. John Paston, of Gelston, to Margaret Paston. Paston Letters, cccxi. and cccxiii. Fenn's ed. 1840-1, ii. 59, 61. Gairdner's ed. iii. 3, 6.
<= Edward Halle's Chronicle, 294 — 297. " This tonne (Barnet) standeth on a hill, on whose toppc is a faire plain, for twoo armies to joyne together." Cf. The Annals of John Stow, ed. of 1615, p. 423. " Halfe a mile from Barnet ; " Weerer's Fun. Mon. 704.
The 'Parish of Monken Hadley. 11
left sliould, when worsted, have fled tlirougli the town. The definition of a plain half a mile from Barnet exactly applies to the situation of Hadley Green. The moated manor-house of Old Fold, belonging to the Frowykes, may have been an important feature in the conflict. In a more advanced state of military science, it might have become another Hougoumont.
Assisted with money and men by his brother-in-law, the Duke of Burgundy,'' and having embarked at Flushing, 2 March, 1471, King Edward,^' with a force of 2000 men, landed on the 14th at Ravenspur, near the mouth of the Humber, the same place where Henry of Lancaster, afterwards Henry IV., had disembarked in 1399, when he retiu'ued to dethrone Richard II. Aided by the defection of his brother, the duke of Clarence, " false, fleeting, perjvired Clarence," ° before Coventry, and having, by mingled stratagem and good fortune, succeeded in outmanoeuvring Warwick in the course of the ensuing weeks, the invader, by way of St. Alban's, effected an entrance into London, 11 April, being the Thursday before Easter. It is observable that Loudon and the great merchant towns had steadily supported the house of York throughout the long struggle. Two days later, Saturday the 13th, he again set out to meet his great adversary, who, having now united his forces, had advanced from the neighbour- hood of Coventry and, in his turn passing through St. Alban's, had occupied Gladmore heath, then an open plain to the north of the little town of Barnet. The circumstances of the rivals had undergone a change, and the Last of the Barons, as he has been called in the brilliant pages of lord Lytton, instead of advancing to crush an opponent, was preparing to sustain his onset. He had allowed himself to be deceived into an expectation that London would detain Edward at least a few days before its walls."*
With the unhappy Henry VI. in his company, Edward rode out of London on Easter Eve, in the afternoon." On reaching Barnet, " ten small miles distant," his advanced guard drove some of the scouts of lord Warwick's army out of the town, and pursued them a distance of more than half-a-mile until, " by an hedge side," they found themselves face to face with a large body of the
* Margaret of York, sister of Edward IV., was the third wife (married in 1-408) of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.
!• He had quitted the country 3 October, 1470, and landed at Alkmaar iu Holland. During this exile his elder son, Edward, Prince of Wales, afterwards Edward V., had been born (4 jSTovember, 1470) in the sanctuary at Westminster. Stow, p. 423.
•= Shakspere, Richard III., act i. so. 4. '' Hapin, i. 613. "= Halle.
B 2
12 The Parish of Monken Saclley.
opposing forces/ In tlie course of the niglit Edward, a consummate general, disposed his army for the approaching conflict. He suffered none of his troops to remain in the town, but ordered them all to the front, himself lodging with them on the field. The country was by this time overspread by a thick mist due, according to the superstitions of the age, to magical" incantations and raised, as was said, by one Bungay a conjurer. It obscured the lustre of the Paschal moon and rendered the needful evolutions difficult of execution. Owing • to the thickness of the weather he was deceived in calculating the position occupied by his enemy, and is reported to have prolonged his right, beyond the ground which it would naturally have taken up, into the chace of Enfield and perhaps into the immediate vicinity of Hadley church. Having protected his own position with palisades and trenches againt a night attack, and enjoined silence upon his soldiers," lest the enemy should suspect their nearness, he awaited daybreak. It would seem that this latter precaution was not altogether successful. Both armies passed the night under arms and, as we are told by Halle, the tents were so near together that " what for neighyng of horses, and talkynge of menne none of both the hostes could that night take any rest or quietnes." The result of Edward's disposal of his forces was that, instead of the two armies directly confronting each other, the right of either overlapped its adversary's left. During the night "Warwick's artillery,'' in which he was stronger than the King, had been playing from his right wing upon what were believed to be the Yorkist positions in front but, for the reason j ust stated, the balls fell harmless, no enemy being within the range of this portion of his line of battle. It has also been stated that, though the firing was kept up almost continiiously, it did little or no execution because, owing to the nearness of the Yorkists, the shot fell beyond them.
Day broke at 4, and an hour later the battle commenced, terminating towards noon Mvith the overthrow and death of Warwick. The marquis of Montagu,^ Warwick's brother, with the earl of Osford,s led the Lancastrian right ;
" Holinslied, iii. 084.
'' Chronicle of Sir Richard Baker, kut., ed. of 1730, p. 210. Lord Lytton has availed himself of this superstition in the Last of the Barons.
<= Sir R. Baker. '' Ai-tillery was first used in field-warfare at Crefy.
"= llapin, i. 613. ^ John Nevile, created marquis of Montagu by Edward IV. in 1469.
s John de Vere, 13th earl of Oxford, was the son of John, the 12th earl, beheaded on Tower Hill in 1461, at the accession of Edward IV. He afterwards espoused the cause of Henry VII. and led the archers of the vanguard at Bosworth. Scott has made him a leading character in his novel of Anne of Geierstein. He was twice married and survived until 1513, but died s. p.
The Fa risk of Monken Hadley. 13
the duke of Somerset" commanded" tlie arcliers in the centre; Warwick in person, with the duke of Exeter/ directed the left. The horse were stationed in either wing. Edward, on his side, seems to have adopted a different formation, and had massed his forces on three lines. His vanguard was commanded hy Eichard, duke of Gloucester, who had not long since completed his eighteenth year,*" Edward himself conducted the hattle,^ in which the captive Henry VI. was placed, and lord Hastings' brought up the rear. He had further a company of fresh men, held in reserve, which eventually did good service.^
The opposing hosts being ordered for the engagement, the chiefs on either side harangued their followers preparatory to the onset. Halle, the chronicler, professes to record the gist of their respective addresses, which it is even possible may have been reported to him by some who heard them. WarAvick. he tells us, " encoraged his men to fight, with many comfortable wordes, willing theim to strike with a good and a fierce corage, and to remembre that they fight not onely for the libertie of the countrey, against a tiraunte, wliiche wrongfully and against all right had inuaded and subdued this realmc, but they fight in the querell of a true and vndubitate King, against a cruell man and a torcious vsurper, in the cause of a Godly and a pitiful Prince, against an abhominable maqueller," and bloudy butcher. In the title of a gentle, liberall, and bountifull Kyng against an extreme nigard and a couetous extorcioner. In which cause being so good, so godly, and so iust, God of very iustice must nedes be their sheld and
•■> Edmund Beaufort, ttird duke of Somerset, had succeeded his brother Henry, the second duke (beheaded at Hexham in 1463), and was himself beheaded at Tewkesbury. He was the son of Edmund Beaufort, first duke (killed at St. Alban's 23 May, 1455), whose father Sir John Beaufort was the eldest legitimated son of John of Gaunt by Catharine Swynford. After the Battle of Barnet he "was in all post haste flying toward Scotland, but fearinge the ieopardies, that might chance in so long a iorney, altered his purpose, and turned into Wales, to Jasper, earl of Pembroke." Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 5482 f. 4 b.
t> Halle.
•= Henry Holland, duke of Exeter, great-grandson of Sir Thomas de Holland, K.G. by Joan Plantagenet, the Fair Maid of Kent (afterwards married to Edward the Black Prince, and mother of Richard II.), had married Anne, eldest daughter of Richard, duke of York, and sister of Edward IV. He was found dead in the sea between Dover and Calais in 1473.
'' He was born at Fotheringay Castle on Monday, 2 Oct. 1452. Gairdner's Zz/e and Reign of Ricliard III. "Will. Wyrc. Annales 477.
^ The main body, as distinguished from the van and rear.
' Ancestor of the earls of Loudoun and of Huntingdon. Sir William de Hastings, knt. cr. in 1461 baron Hastings by Edw. IV. was beheaded in the Tower 13 June, 1483.
s Chronicle of Sir Richard Baker, knt. ed. 1730, p. 210; Halle pp. 294—297.
^ Man-queller, a destroyer of men. — Halliwell's Diet.
14 The Farish of Monken Hadley.
defence." Edward, ou the other hand, strove to stimulate the ardour of his soldiers by assuring them that " their aduersaries wer onely traitors to the realme, spoylers of the pore commonaltie, and people destitute of al grace, good fortune, and good liuyng. Which mischeuous persones, if they should preuaile through the faintnesse of your hartes, all you gentlemen and richmeu wer in ieoperdy of your lifes, all meane men in doubt of robbyng and spoylyug, and all inferior persones in hasard of perpetual bondage and seruitude."
The trumpets now sounded "" and the battle fairly began. Archers first discharged their arrows and the bill men followed them. For a time the result of the conflict hung in the balance, and there was an interval when it seemed more than probable that success would incline to the Lancastrian side. It would appear to have consisted of a succession of engagements or skirmishes over different portions of the field, not directed according to any fixed plan, a result easily accounted for by the obscurity of the weather.'' An unexpected incident had an important bearing ou the issue of the day. It is not mentioned by Halle, but Stow relates how the Lancastrian right wing, having forced back and routed the left of Edward's position, in returning to resume its place in the line found itself confronted by its own centre. So severe had been their onset, that a portion of the Yorkists had been driven through the town, and the report of a Lancastrian victory was carried by certain of the fugitives to London." Halle indeed maintains that they, who galloped to London with the intelligence, were lookers on and not fighters. Owing, however, to the mist concealing the defeat of Edward's wing, there was no discouragement along the rest of the line. The cognizance of the de Veres, the earl of Oxford's badge, as is well known, was a star with streams or rays, which his men had embroidered on their coats both before and behind, whereas King Edward had adopted that of a sun** in splendour. Having beaten back Edward's left, lord Oxford wheeled about to return, thinking that his own line had been left too much exposed.' The heavy mist hindered the difference of the badges from being recognized, and Warwick's centre, by a not unnatural error under the circumstances, supposing that Edward's army was
" Halle. " Harl. MS. 543, f. 31. Stowe's Historical and other Collections.
<= Fabian says that " if his men had kept their array and had not fallen to rifling, likely it had been as it was after told, that the victory had failed to that party."
*• Rapin, i. 613. " Speed tells us that Oxford's men had his star or mullet embroidered on their coats, and King Edward's soldiers the sun ; but it was a little white rose with the rays of the sunbeams pointing round about it." Lower's Heraldry. It has been called " the white rose en soleil." See, however, Shakspere, Henry VI. Part III. act ii. sc. 1, for the origin of this badge at the battle of Mortimer's Cross.
e Kapin, i. 613.
The Farisli of Monhen Sadley. 15
in full march towards them, poured a volley of arrows into Oxford's returning troops, who, suspecting treason, fled to the number of eight hundred. As has been already mentioned, an apprehension of treacherous dealing seems to have prevailed extensively on either side.
Edward had by this time brought his reserve into action and by noon, or as some say by 10 o'clock, the victory of the Yorkists was assured and lord Warwick and his brother Montagu slain. Their bodies were removed to London in a cart the same afternoon and, after exposure naked at St. Paul's, conveyed for interment to Bisham Abbey in Berkshire.'' The duke of Exeter escaped with his life. Having been dangerously wounded in the field, and left for dead from seven in the morning till four in the afternoon, he was brought to the house of one of his servants near at hand, called lluthland, where he was tended by a surgeon and afterwards con- veyed to sanctuary at Westminster.'' Rapin says that, upon consciousness return- ing, he crawled to the next house and found means to be carried thence to London. The victor returned immediately to the capital, having the unhaj)j)y Henry in his train, and without delay offered his standard and gave thanks to God at St. Paul's." Pv.astell '' writes that " the same after none, Kynge Edwarde came into London agayne, and brought Kinge Henry with hym, rydynge in a long gowne of blewe velvet thorowc London, and so to Westmyster, and from thens sent hym vnto the Towre, where he remayned as prisoner allhislyfe tyme after." It was commonly reported, according to Halle, that sorrow for the death of lord Montagu, whom he regarded personally with extreme affection, materially diminished the satisfaction which the King would have otherwise experienced after so signal a success.
The bodies of the more distinguished amongst the slain, on both sides, were conveyed away, and many of them interred in the church of the Austin Priars, London.'' The commonalty, it is stated, were buried on the field, half-a-mile from Barnet, but no tradition survives as to the spot. Stow informs us that a chapel was erected on the site, and a priest appointed thereto to say mass for their sou.ls. In his time this chapel had become a dwelling house, of which the top quarters yet remained. '^ It has even been asserted that the church of Hadley was the structure in question, but this is altogether erroneous.
=> Stow, ed. 1615, p. 423. Weever's Fun. Mon. p. 704. •= Stow. " Halle.
'' The Pastime of People, by J. R., a.d. 1529. Dibdin's ed. 1811. <= Weever's Fim. Mon. 419. 704. Stow, p. 423.
' Stow, p. 423, ed. 1615. The name of John Rastell is set in the margin but, in his Pastime of People, 284, Dibdin's ed., there is no allusion to the circumstance. Weever, 704.
16 The Parish of 3Ionkeii Hadley.
After making large allowance for the imperfect communications of those clays, it is difficult to conceive how so great a discrepancy could have arisen as exists, both as to the strength of the armies engaged and the number of the slain. Many of the historians were nearly contemporary with the events related, whilst others '^ had facilities for informing themselves, which ought to have insured some approximation to accuracy. Reinforcenents were probably flocking in to either army up to the last moment. It is likely, notwithstanding, that Warwick may have had the advantage of mere numbers,^ whilst, against this, must be set off the defection of Clarence, and the fact that Edward brought into the field a small body of trained German soldiers, who had accompanied him into England, armed with hand-guns, then a new weapon in war, and was furnished besides with a fine train of artillery." The Warkworth chronicle,'* whose writer's sympathies were Lancastrian, and which was probably compiled about 1473, puts the number of Warwick's forces at 20,000. That, on the other hand, which has come down to lis under the authority of Eleetwood, recorder of London in the reign of Elizabeth, assures us that 9000 on his, the Yorkist, side "were met by 30,000 on the other. This latter chronicle "^ was compiled by a servant of Edward IV., who " presently saw in eifect a greate parte of his exploytes, and the residue knew by true relation of them that were present at every tyme," and is presum- ably identical with a Erench MS. still preserved in the public library at Ghent. The MS. appears to be an illuminated transcript ' of a Report, drawn up by one
=> Eastell, whose father-in-law, Sir John More, resided at Gobions, in the neighbourhood, was not unlikely to have heard many of the local traditions concerning the engagement.
^ Rajjin alleges the reverse, i. 613.
" History of the English People, by J. R. Green, M.A. ii. 46.
^ The chronicle is a folio in vellum, of 225 pages.
« Hislorie of the Arrivall of Edward IV. in England and the final i-ecoverije of his kingdomes from Henry VI. A.D. 1471, ed. by John Bruce, esq., F.S.A. Camden Soc. Pub. 1838. " The historic of the arrivall of King E. 4. in England, and the finall recouerie of his kingdomes from H. 6. in A° D' 1471 written by an Anonymus, who was living at the same time and a servant to the saied King E. 4. Transcribed by John Stowe the chronicler with his owne hand." Harl. M.S. 543, f. 31. Stow's Historical and other Collections. A small quarto vol.
f It has been printed in the Archceologia, vol. xxi. p. 11. (a.d. 1827). The MS. is on vellum, of quarto size, and at the head of each of the four chapters is a highly finished illuminated miniature. " Miniature 1. represents the battle of Barnet. The two armies, clad in armour, are engaged in close combat, the Lancastrians bearing a large red banner, with a border and a rose embroidered in gold. Edward, on a white charger caparisoned with red cloth lined with blue, and seme with fleurs de lis, his vizor raised and a o-old crown on the top of his helmet, appears to have just pierced with a long red lance the breastplate of his antagonist, intended no doubt for the earl of Warwick. In front two esquires are engaged hand to
The Parish of Monken Hadley. 17
of tlie followers of Edward IV. and forwarded to the court of Charles the Bold. It is accompanied by a letter from Edward himself, dated 29 May, and written from Canterbury, addressed to the inhabitants of Bruges, informing them of the complete success with which his expedition to England had been crowned, and thanking them for their hospitable and generous entertainment of himself and friends whilst residing in exile in their city. It is easily conceivable that, during the ascendency of the White Rose, a disposition may have generally prevailed to enhance in every way the splendour of Yorkist successes, to be followed by a reaction in the opposite direction when the Eed Rose of Lancaster began once again to lift up its head after Bosworth Eield.
There is an equal, if not greater, discrepancy in the estimates of the killed, some of the chroniclers making the number amount to 10,000," others to 4,000,"" and those who speak most moderately to 1,500.° Sir John Paston, who was present, wrote on Thursday, 18 April, after mentioning certain persons by name, that there were " other people of both parties to the number of more than a thousand." ^ This is by far the lowest computation that we find given by any writer, and we may remember that it comes from one, who was not only on the field himself but who must also have had the opportunity of conversing with others who were there engaged. It must further be borne in mind that, contrary to the rule previously followed of shewing mercy towards the inferior ranks, Edward, on this occasion, charged his followers to give no quarter to any. Many of the fugitives and wounded sought concealment, it is said, at North Mimms and other neigh- bouring villages.
The church of Monken Hadley, formerly at the very edge of the parish and chace, stands at an elevation of 426 ft. 9 in. above the sea level, according to the last Ordnance Survey, the highest point in the High Street " being at 431ft. 3 in. Prom the summit of its tower, reached by a turret staircase of 61 steps, a very charming and extensive view, over a country well wooded for many miles round, rewards an ascent. The spreading branches of trees intercept a coup cVceil over the neighbouring battle-field, but farther away to the north-west the eye can detect
hand with swords. The Lancastrian is attempting to thrust the point of his weapon through the hars of his opponent's helmet, whilst another of Edward's squires is pushing him off with his lance. In the back- ground the open country is seen between two high ridges of rock. On the summit of the right bank is a large castellated building." It need hardly perhaps be mentioned that the scene, as represented, bears no resemblance whatever to the actual site.
» Halle, Comines. '' Stow. <^ Fabian, Rastell.
^ Fenn's Paston Letters. See previously, p. 10, note.
•= Immediately opposite the entrance of the New Eoad.
C
18 The Parish of Ilonken Sadleij.
St. Alban's, to the east Waltham Abbey beyond the Lea with the low line of Essex hills to the south of it, and, in clear weather, the Eiver Thames with its shipping in the vicinity of Woolwich. It is nearer at hand, however, that the prospect is most attractive, embracing as it does the pretty gardens behind the resi- dences on Hadley Green and the undulating outline of the Wood and Common, the open downlike space at its upper level becoming exchanged for picturesque glades abounding in timber as one descends in the direction of Cockfosters. Only a few years since, and the recesses of the wood were gay in spring with primroses, cowslips, violets, and wild strawberries; but the spoiler has been at work, and comparatively few remain. When the Enfield Chace Act was passed, 240 acres of chace land were made over to Hadley, of which 50 were assigned to the rector as glebe, and form the sole fixed endowment of the living. Of these latter a portion was sold in 1799 to redeem the land-tax. The remainder, inclosed by gates, and constituting the present Hadley Wood and Common, is justly celebrated for its sylvan beavity. Its privileges, in some respects singular, are jealously guarded by its proprietors, the freeholders of the parish, through the church- wardens for the time being, as their trustees and representatives. The whole of these 240 acres are still subject, under the Act, to the payment of both rectorial and vicarial tithes to Enfield.
We have the ancient limits of the Chace, where it abutted upon the parish of Hadley, set out in surveys made successively in the years 1636 and 1686, and by this means became acquainted with sundry changes of proprietorship. In 1636 " the boundary, starting from "the house of Mr. Hewitt," '' at Cockfosters, "and from thence to the house of the heirs of Robert Xorrice" and, fetching in the said house and orchard, leaving out the house late Thomas Kempton's deceased, and from thence by the hedge of East Barnet," passed " to a cottage late Sir Roger Wilbraham's, parcel of Ludgraves in Hadley parish, and from thence to the Blue house, and from thence to the New Pond head, and from thence by the hedge of Hadley unto the house of Dr; Brett, in the tenure of John Poster, called Capons house,'' and so by the houses unto the house of Mr. Backhouse, and so to Hadley churchyard, and so north and west to the windmill belonging to the lordship of
" Court of Survey of the Manor and Chace of Enfield, in the county of Middlesex, held at Enfield 2G March, 1635, 11 Car. I., and adjourned to 15 Nov., 163G, by virtue of a Commission dated 7 JIareli, 1634. M8. Volume preserved in Hadley parish chest.
'• Probably Buckskin Hall. >= Probably West Fai-m.
'' Probably the house where the late Capt. Samuel Strong resided, which was pulled down after his sale of the property to the British Land Company a few years since.
The Farlsh of Monken Saclley. 19
Enfield, and fetching in the same windmill, and so by the highway to Sommer- pool als Sugarwell," &c. This was the period when Charles I., having entered upon the perilous experiment of personal rule, had recourse to a variety of expe- dients for replenishing his exchequer. Amongst the rest. Commissions of Forests were issued, which exacted large sums from the neighbouring landowners for their incroachments on Crown lands."" At the same time it was alleged that no perfect survey of Enfield Chace was any longer extant.''
In Nov. ] 652, a resolution was passed that Enfield Chace should be sold for ready money. It was supposed to contain 7,900 acres, of which it was proposed that 240 should be allotted to the commoners of Hadley.'' A few years later, in July, 1659, the inhabitants of Enfield, Edmonton, South Mimms, and Hadley, complaining of the in closure of common, claimed to have enjoyed common rights for above 300 years. Col. Webb, who resided at Gannox," was the Surveyor General of the Chace at this period, and Mr. Justinian Pagitt, of Hadley, Justice of the Peace, had been, with others, a purchaser of chace lands.
Among the commissioners named in the later Survey^ we find "Henry Coventiy, esq., one of our Privy Counsel, William Bluck,'' of Hadley, in our county of Middlesex, esq.; John Chapman," of the same, gent, and Laurence Stanyan," of the same, gent." ; whilst of the twenty-four sworn jurors three at least, Peter Dry,' John Buckingham,-' and Thomas Townsend,'' were Hadley men. At this Survey various changes had to be noted, though the main outline under-
" Hist, of the English People, iii. 146.
" A Survey of the Chace had been made by Edmond Twymowe, their surveyor, 8 July, 14 Eliz. MS. Volume, Hadley parish chest.
■= Bobinson's History of Enfield, i. 179. Ford's History of Enfield, p. 36.
'' See Hist, of South Mimms, p. 23.
<= Court of Survey of the Manor and Chace of Enfield, in the county of Middlesex, held at Enfield 8 Oct. 1685, 1 Jac. 2, and adjourned to 23 Oct. 1686, by virtue of a Commission from the Duchy Court of Lancaster, dated 6 Oct. 1685. MS. Volume in Hadley parish chest.
* The name of William Blucke, esq., appears in the rate books between 1684 and 1697. He was a justice of the peace. Anne, daughter of William Blucke, esq., and JJiana his wife, was bapt. 20 June, 1693.
•^ Churchwarden in 1677.
■' Churchwarden in 1685. Abraham Stanyan, esq., also called Colonel Stanyan, of London and Hadley, was the father of John and Laurence. He survived his second wife Mary, widow of Robert Tayler. Her will was proved P.C.C. 10 Feb. 1668-9, by Robert Tayler, her only son. Book Coke 23.
' Churchwarden in 1684. ' Churchwarden in 1698. A wheelwright.
^ Churchwarden in 1694. Subsequently to September, 1702, after the death of Lady Mary Turner in Jan. 1701-2, he was tenant farmer of the manoi-house land. He also farmed lands belonging to the Wilford family.
c2
20 The Parish of Monlcen Sadley.
Ayent no alteration. Beginning, as before, from the house of William Pecke," esq., formerly- the house of Mr. Hewiti, and from thence to the liouse of Robert Norris, and fetching in the house and orchard, and leaving out the house now Daniel Nicholls', formerly of Thomas Kempton, in right of Elizabeth his wife, the boundary ran "from thence by the hedge of East Barnet to a cottage formerly Sir Roger Wilbraham's, parcel of Ludgraves in Iladley parish, now John Walton's, and from thence to the Blue house in the tenure of the said John Walton, and from thence to the new pond head, and from thence to a new brick house'' of Thomas Turpin, and from tlience by the hedge of Hadley unto the house of William Nicholls, formerly of Dr. Brett, in the tenure of William Waill,*" called Capons house, and so by the houses there unto the house of William Mayo,'^ for- merly of Mr. Backhouse, in the occupation of Richard Saunders, and so to Hadley churchyard, and so north and west to the windmill," &c.
In reply to the I7th article the jury presented in 1686, as they had done in 1636, that " there commoneth in Enfield Chace, over and besides the King's Majesty's tenants and inhabitants of Enfield, at this day, the parishes and lord- ships of South Mimms, Hadley, and Edmonton, the which have there commoned and so still do, but by what right we do not justly know, but refer them and their pretended right of common to be examined by and in the Duchy Court or other- wise, as his Majesty pleaseth to direct and appoint."
We learn from the earlier survey that, previously to 1636, there had been two windmills within the manor of Enfield, — one in the tenure of Thomas Coningsby,
" William Pecke, esq., was the son and heir of Edward Pecke, of the Inner Temple, serjeant at-Iaw, a gentleman of Norfolk descent, by Grace, daughter and co-heiress of William Greene, of Belmont, or Mount Pleasant, East Barnet. He m. Gertrude, only child of Sir William Greene, of Mitcham, bart., and was afterwards of Little Sampford, Essex, where he was buried, having d. 27 June, 1694. Westminster Abbey Rerjisters, by J. L. Chester, p. 42; Chitterhuch's Herts, i. 1<S1, 359; iii. 527, 529; East Barnet Par. Reg.
^ Vide supra, p. 8.
"= William Wale was churchwardon in 1686. His name appears in the Rate Book in 1678, and after 1689 his assessment was at a rental of £80, the largest in the parish. He was bur. at Hadley 6 March, 1695-6, and administration granted to Alice, his widow, on the following 16 June. She seems to have held the same lands afterwards, and was bur. 18 July, 1722.
* Clement Mayo, of Chancery-lane, gent, by his will, proved P.C.C. 16 March, 1686-7 (Book Foot 40), devised to his friend Robert Fish and his heirs this and other property that had belonged to his grandfather James Mayo, an attorney and Clerk of the Warrants, who d. at his house in Chancery Lane 12 Feb. 1673-4, aged about 84. (Obituary of Richard Smyth. Camden Soc. Pub.) Mr. Clement Mayo, who matriculated at Magd. Hall, Oxford, 30 March, 1667, aged 15, was buried at Hadley 2 Aug. 1686. His father Nathaniel, of Hadley, gent, was there buried 5 July, 1678, and administration granted on the 16th to Elizabeth his widow. Hadley Par. Reg. Oxford Matriculation Reg.
The Parish of Monken Saclley. 21
esq./ or liis tenant, and then in good repair,'' — tlie other at Beacon's hiil, which one Hudson had in farm at an annual rent of 20s., hut which had heen abeady pulled down and carried away by Michael Grigge," of Hadley, esq. The former of these was without doubt that which gave its name to Mill Corner, at the junction of EnjBleld and Hadley parishes, and in all likelihood represented a very ancient windmill, which, about the year 1288, formed the subject of a lawsuit brought by the Abbot and Convent of Walden against Isabella de Frowyk,'' widow of Henry de Prowyk, alderman of London. It seems to have been known in 1636 as Hadley windmill, and in 1686 was in the tenure of William Clarke and in good repair. According to the rate book of that date a question arose in 1687 as to the liability of the said William Clarke to pay rates to Hadley on the score of the mill. Evidence was adduced, in support of this, that Clarke himself and his predecessors. Crane and Heed, had previously paid their proportion of such rates, and that the mill and mill-house were reputed and taken to be within the bounds of the parish of Monken Hadley in the yearly processions.^ Erom subsequent notices it may be concluded that the litigation took the form of a suit brought by the miller, who caused Michael Salte, the overseer, to be arrested, and must have been a formi- dable personage. The case went before the sessions at Enfield, and the overseer's accounts for the year 1687 shew the expenses of this and of the other incidents of the contest. The result is not expressly recorded, but during the following years we find the name of William Clarke*^ still assessed to the poor's rate, and at an even higher rental than before. The survey of 1636, however, clearly indicates that the windmill was included within the Chace, and in the perambulation of Hadley parish, which took place in 1772, the line was distinctly drawn through a point facing "the late mill-yard.""
" Index to Leases, Hen. VIII. to Geo. II. Duchy of Lancaster, Class 33, No. 30 : — Ann' 31 [ Molend. ventritic' sup', mont. infra Chaceam de Endefeild 1 Freman Eedd. 20^ j iuxta monke hadley Churche, cu' p'cell. terr. eid'm p'tin. ( Yonge. Ann' 21 ( Molend ventritic' infra Chaceam de Endefeild cu' pec. terr. j Tho. Eedd. 20' ( eid'm p'tin. JDereman.
•> Thomas Coningsby, esq., succ. his brother Sir Francis at North Mimms, in 1629. ClutterhucK s Herts, 1. 443; Hist, of South Mimms, 117.
<= Lord of the Manor of Hadley. This mill, inter alia, had been granted by letters patent, 29 May, 7 Jac. to Edward Ferrers of London, mercer, and Francis Phelips of London, gent, and on 17 May, 13 Car. a like grant of the same was made to the said Edward Ferrers and William Trigg, gent. Index to Grants in fee, Duchy of Lancaster, at Record Office. * Hist of South Mimms, 17.
' From this it may be concluded that the parish boundaries were " walked," annually, at this period. * In 1696 William Clarke was churchwarden. s Eecord of the perambulation in Hadley parish chest.
22 The Parish of Ilonken lEadleij.
Of tlie locality styled Beacon's hill we possess no more precise information than the certainty of its being in the near neighbourhood of Hadley church. It might be conjectured to have occupied the site of the residence now called The Mount. This house, with its gardens and a contiguous meadow, constitutes what may be termed an enclave," still belonging to Enfield, though surrounded on all sides by Hadley since the allotment of chace made in 1777. On 23 Nov., 26 Eliz., a lease for thirty-one years, at a reserved rent of 20 shillings, was granted, under the seal of the Duchy Court of Lancaster, to one Preeman Yonge,'' of a windmill " infra p'd chaceam de Endfeld iux' Monkes Churche vulgariter Monkehadley Churche al's myll hill al's Beacon hill, cu' p'cell terr. eid'm p'tin." There is a con- dition annexed that he shall rebuild and maintain the same ; but the document preserved at the Record Office has been so much injured, apparently by fire," that a portion of eveiy line is wanting. On 17 March, 27 Eliz., the lease was assigned by Ereeman Yonge to John Scarlett, upon a condition for payment of £52 10s., which was forfeited, and the money never paid. Two years later, 5 July, 29 Eliz., there was a further assignment, with the full consent of Ereeman Yonge, by John Scarlett to James Huishe, upon condition for repayment of £45. John Scarlett likewise gave a receipt for £21 13s. 4f/. more for the full bargain, and entered into an obligation of £100 with James Huishe to discharge the latter from all liabili- ties. One Hudson, as we have seen, held the site in farm in 1636, and in 1686 it was found to be in the occupation of Thomas Turpin, Mr. Secretary Coventry's servant, and that there is or ought to be paid to his Majesty for the same 20s. per ann.
Mr. James Huishe, or Huyshe, citizen and grocer of London, was connected with the neighbourhood through his second marriage with Mary, daughter of Thomas Moffett, of Barnet, and his name appears in the earlier minute book of the Grammar School there as concerned, together with his brother-in-law, William Linacres, in certain pecuniary transactions relating to that foundation. There is still in the possession of his descendant, the Bev. John Huyshe, present repre- sentative of the family,'' a book containing an inventory of his property in 1587.
" Enclave (Fr.) An estate that lies in the middle of another. It was for many years the residence of Joseph Henry Green, esq. F.R.S., D.C.L., and in 1864 was purchased of the Dewes family by Mrs. Ann Eliza Green, his widow, who died there 17 Sept. 1879, aged 87.
'^ From Harl. MS. 366, f. 74, we learn that Freeman Yonge held lands, &c., in Finchley parish, circ. 1584, of the value of xviij ".
<= Grants 15 to 26 Eliz., vol, vi. ; South Auditor's Books of Leases.
^ Huyshe, of Sand and Clisthydon, co. Devon. See Burke's Landed Gentry.
The JBarish of 3Ionken SLadley. 23
In the schedule is comprised the original indenture of lease tinder the duchy seal, together with the successive assignments. He had evidently imbibed in a very strong degree the Puritanical bias of the latter years of the sixteenth century and his vrill " exhibits tokens of a violent antipathy towards the Chvirch of Rome. Any future collateral heir of his lineage and blood is to be excluded from the succession, as if he were dead without issue, except he be " a professor of the Gospell accordinge to the profession of Englande or Geneva." It is perhaps cha- racteristic of him, accordingly, that the book in question should be bound up in a fragment of a missal of the fifteenth cent.
When the earlier survey was made, the piece of water within the present inclosure of Beech-hill-park " was called the New Pond, where was a water-mill, of which one John Withering, esq.,° had a grant from the King at an annual rent" of 25*. In 1686 this mill had "long since been pulled down," and the New Pond converted into three ponds, as they remain to this day, by Mr. Secretary Coventry, then Ranger. Two other ponds, both newly made, are likewise specified in this part of the Chace, — the one called Bournewell Pond, and the other, near Thomas Turpin's, formerly a gravel pit. This description points to the upper part of Hadley Common, defined as Bournewell hill in 1658," and may refer to the small pond at the edge of the road leading from the church to the chace gate, and to that now included within Mrs. Wilde's property.
We have an intimation, alluded to above, that the parochial authorities were in the habit of walking round the parish annually in procession. In the Vestry chest are preserved records of such perambulations, headed by the rector, churchwardens, overseers, and others, on the 3 August, 1772, prior to the Chace addition, and on 14 May, 1817, but it is likely that the ancient yearly custom had been for a long time discontinued. On Sunday, 14 June, 1772, it was agreed and ordered in vestry,' that the parishioners do go a Fossessioning on the
" He died in 1590, and his monumental inscription is isreserved in Stow. The will was proved P.C.C. 27 Oct. 1590. Book Drury 69.
b Imparked by Francis Eussell, esq., of Red Lion Square, and, in the first instance, named Eussell- park. Mr. Russell, who d. in 1795, was Surveyor of the Woods for the south parts of the duchy of Lan- caster. The measure of inclosing Enfield Chace was suggested, and the bill drawn by him. Lysons, iv. 625.
■= A John "Withering, of a family derived from Overton, in Staffordshire, was Gentleman Sewer to King James I., and probably the person here alluded to. His son William Withering was of Nelmes, in Essex. Harl. MSS. 1432, f. 156^. Visitation of Essex, 1634; 6128, f. 101.
'1 Grants 15 to 26 Eliz. vol. vi. pt. 4, f. 71. South Auditor's Books of Leases.
■^ Gunton and Rolfe's map.
' Hadley Vestry Minute Book.
24 The Parish of Monken Hadley.
first Monday in August next ensuing tlie date hereof, and that notice in the church he given of the same, the three preceding Sundays hefore. John Burrows, minister, "William North, churchwarden, and others sign the resolution. The stitched document containing the account of this perambulation is entitled, " The mode for possessioning, or The Boundaries of the Parish of Monken Hadley in the County of Middlesex," and is written out in elaborate penmanship, with an enumeration of the crosses marked at the different limits, by Anthony Gray, Vestry clerk and schoolmaster at Barnet. In recent years the boundaries have been taken on Friday, 20 May, 1864, and on Friday, 13 June, 1879. The late careful Ordnance survey has in a great measure superseded any necessity for such ceremonies, but their observance from time to time may, notwithstanding, be desirable, viewed in the light of an old English custom and in the interests of parochial good fellowship.
The Bight Hon. Henry Coventry, already mentioned, was a younger son of Thomas,'" first lord Coventry, Lord Keeper. His sister, Dorothy, wife of Sir John Pakington, of Westwood, hart., was the reputed authoress of " The whole Duty of Man." Originally a member of Queen's College, Oxford, he afterwards became a fellow of All Souls and, before the rebellion, had been chancellor of Llandaff. Having been a sufferer in the royal cause, the Bestoration found him one of the grooms of the bedchamber to Charles II. In 1664, and again in September 1671, he was sent on embassies to Sweden, and on 3 July, 1672, was sworn Principal Secretary of State, an office which he held until 1680. On 26 April of that year he delivered up the seals and, in shattered health,'' re- tired to the West Bailey Lodge" in Enfield Chace, which continued to be his country residence during the remainder of his life. Evelyn visited him there on 2 June, 1676, and has left a record of his impressions in his diary.'' " 2nd June. I went with my Lord Chamberlaine to see a garden at Enfield toune; thence to Mr. Secretary Coventnfs lodge in the Chace. It is a very pretty place, the house commodious, the gardens handsome, and our entertainment very free, there being none but my Lord and myselfe. That which I most wondered at was that in the compass of 25 miles, yet within 14 of London, there is
'^ Thomas Coventry was appointed Lord Keeper, 1. Nov. 1625 and created baron Coventry 10 April 1628. He died 14 Jan. 1639-40.
b In a letter from William Longueville to lord Hatton, dated 27 Sep. 1682, the former writes " Mr. H. Coventry not like to live." Hatton Correspondence. Camden Soc. Pub. 1878.
<= Now West Lodge, the residence of J. W. Cater, esq. J. P. and previously of Archibald Paris, esq.
^ This was probably the source from which lord Macaulay drew his statement. Vide supra, p. 6.
The Farish of Monken Hacllet/. 25
not a house, barne, church, or building, besides 3 lodgings. To this lodge are 3 greate ponds and some few iuclosures, the rest a solitarie desert, yet stor'd with not lesse than 3000 deere. These are pretty retreats for gent", especialy for those who are studious and lovers of privacy." Mr. Coventry died at his house in the Haymarket, 5 December, 1686, aged about 68. In his will, dated on the previous 16 September,'' he is described as of the parish of St. Martin's in the fields. His interest in the rangership'' and in West Lodge, is therein bequeathed to his nephew, Henry Savile," esq., vice-chamberlain to King James II. To his sister, the lady Thynne,'^ he leaves " the picture of the King of Sweden sett with dyamonds." To Mrs. Cotterell," Mrs. Pountaine* of Bell-barre, Mrs. Stanion^ of Hadley, and Mrs, Taylor, he gives to each of them " a peece of my old gold of equall value," and to Mr. Taylor, " Minister of Hadley my Poole's
» Proved P.C.C. 29 Dec. 1686. Book Lloyd 160.
I) lu the Surrey of 1686 it was found that "The Right Hon. Henry Coventry, esq. is now Master of the Game, Chief Kanger, "Woodward and Bailiff." He held a patent of the office of Keeper of the West Bailey walk, dated 22 Aug. 1673. Duchy of Lancaster, Index to Patents, Class 33. No. 29. f. 64.
"= A bad product of a bad age. Younger son of Sir William Savile, bart. of Thornhill co. York, (d. 24 Jan. 1643) by Anne, eldest dau. of Thomas, lord Coventry, and brother of Sir George Savile, bart., aiithor and statesman, cr. successively by Charles II. viscount, earl, and marquis of Halifax. Harry Savile, as he was usually called, was M.P. for Newark, and d. s. p. Macaulay tells an anecdote of him (Hist, of England, iv. 558) and certain of his debordements are mentioned in the recently published Hatton Correspondence. Cf. Biog. Univ. art. Sir George Savile.
'' Mary, second daughter of lord Coventry, married Henry Frederick Thynne, esq., of Kempsford, created a baronet 15 June, 1641. Their eldest son. Sir Thomas, second baronet, inherited Lougleat, when his cousin, Thomas Thynne, esq , " Tom of Ten Thousand," was assassinated in his coach in Pall Mall, near the present Waterloo Place, on the night of Sunday, 12 February, 1682. He was raised to the peerage the same year as baron Thynne and viscount Weymouth.
" Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Nicholas Burwell, esq., of Gray's Inn, the first wife of Charles Lodowick Cottrell, esq., who in this year succeeded his father in the office of Master of the Ceremonies, and was afterwards knighted. He was rated to the parish of Hadley between 1684 and 1699.
' Sarah, dau. of Anne, widow of Sir William Savile {supr. note '^) by her remarriage with Sir Thomas Chichele, knt. of Wimpole co. Cambridge, Master of the Ordnance and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan- caster from 34 Charles II. to 1 Will, and M. She was the second wife of Andrew Fountaine, of Sail co. Norfolk and of the Inner Temple, esq., who purchased the manor of Brookmans ] 8 Charles II., and in 1682 built the present mansion, which in 1701 he sold to John lord Somers. Their eldest son, Sir Andrew Fountaine, knt. was a distinguished antiquary and in 1727, at the death of Sir Isaac Newton, Succeeded to the office of warden of the Mint. Stemmata Chicheleana, No. 21. Chauncy's ^eWs. 530. Clutterbuck's Herts, i. 454, North Mimms. Burke's Landed Gentry. Fountaine of Narford Hall, co. Norf.
» Dorothy, the wife of Laurence Stanyan, esq. They were both living 27 November, 1706, when administration was granted to her of the effects of their son Robert, late of Kingston, Jamaica, bachelor, her
D
26 The Parish of Monhen Kadley.
Sinopsis ^ and Grotius liis workes or soe many of them as shall be found amongst my books, and alsoe my large Tankard wliicli is guilded witbin." To the poor of the parish of Hadley he bequeaths £100, and to the poor of Enfield £10. To his godson Henry'' Baron ats Barnes, son of his servant George Baron ats Barnes, be gives £100 to be put out at interest till he is twenty-one. It would be almost imj)ossible to conceive of the spirit of adulation as carried to greater lengths than by the Baron family. Among other entries contained in the Hadley Register we find the baptisms of their two sons Henry (1676) and Coventry (1679) and of their daughters, Secretary (1681) and Banger (1684). Mr. Coventry was mindful, when he made his will, of those who had served him. " To Balph Spooner, my groome, I give either my gray horse (Legge) or my bay mare at his election. To Thomas Hughes my huntsman I give my packe of hounds and one of the horses which he used to ride to be at his election which of the two he will have. To Thomas Watson my groom I give my black trotting guelding."
At a Vestry Meeting held at Hadley, 16 May, 1680," it was conceded that the Bight Hon. Henry Coventry might at his pleasure build for himself a gallery on the north side of the church over against the pulpit. Though his residence was in Enfield parish, it is manifest that he identified himself in all things with
husband being absent in Ireland. Another son, Temple Stanyan, esq. (baptized at Hadley, 24 March 1674-5) was the author, in 1714, of a little book, of which there is a French translation, published at Amsterdam in the same year, at the British Museum ("i'e'tai de la Suisse, ecrit en 1714). His acquaintance with the country, he says in the preface, is founded upon an experience of more than eight years. He was also the author of The Grecian History, in two vols, dedicated to John, lord Somers (the Lord Ch.ancellor, who died in 1717), of which an edition was published by J. & R. Tonson in the Strand, in 1766. According to Lysons (iv. 441) he drew up the Latin inscription on the pedestal of George II.'s statue at Greenwich Hospital.
* Synopsis criticorum aliorumque S. Scriptures interpretum operd Matthai Pole Londinensis. a.d. mdclxix ; in five volumes folio, dedicated to King Charles II. Matthew Poole, M. A. of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, was born at York in 1624. For fourteen years he held the rectory of St. Michael le Querne in the City, from which he was ejected by the Bartholomew Act. Finding himself threatened in the depositions of Titus Gates he retired to Holland, and died at Amsterdam in October 1679, aged 56, with asuspiicion thathe was poisoned. The composition of the Synopsis occupied ten years of indefatigable study. The Nonconformist's Memorial, by Edmnnd Calamy D. D., three volumes, 1802. i. 167. Newcourt (Eep. i. 284, 490) is miable to give any account of St. Michael's Quern, because its register books were destroyed in the Great Fire.
* Henry, son of George and Mary Baron, was baptized 1.3 August, 1676. Hadley Par. Reg. The will of George Baron, al's Barnes, of Enfield, late of Hadley, gent., was proved P.C.C. 17 October, 1692, by Mary, the relict, Christopher Bourne, the nephew, renouncing. He owned two copyhold messuages in Chipping Barnet, called by the signs of the Unicorn and the Yew Tree.
•= Hadley Vestry Minute Book.
The Farish of IlonJcen Sadley. ' 27
Hadley, whose church was the nearest. At a later Vestry, held 11 April, 1687," "it was agreed that Mr. Tayler, William Wale and Daniel Hudson, church- wardens, and George Baron, overseer for the poor, shall go to London upon the parish charge to receive the legacy of the late R. H"' Henry Coventry esq. one hundred pounds to the poor of Hadley, to put the said hundred pounds into the hands of Mr. Heneage Price, Gouldsmith in the Strand,*" nigh Temple-barr, to ly there till it be called for by y' Parish."
The choice of Mr. Heneage Price was perhaps due to a connection with the neighbourhood. His father, John Price, esq. of East Barnet," whose will shews that he was possessed of landed property in Wales, had married Mary one of the daughters and coheiresses of William Greene of Mount Pleasant, by whom he had a numerous family. Heneage, then' third son, was baptized at East Barnet 17 Sep. 1659.
Erom the Survey of 1636 we learn that a piece of groimd, parcel of Enfield Chace, was granted to Erancis Atkinson,'' gent, for a bowling alley, at a reserved annual rent of 6c?. Mr. Atkinson, a native of Kirkby Malzard in Yorkshire, as stated in his will, must have succeeded the Wilbrahams at Ludgrove. He kept a school for young gentlemen," as we are told in " The English Parnassus, or a helpe to English Poesie," by Josua Poole, M. A. of Clare Hall Cambridge, who had married his daughter,' and who dedicated the book, which was published post- humously s in 1657, to his father in law. In the Epistle Dedicatory it is styled an " account of many a years Steioardship, the product of many a midnight thought, during my relation to you and those young Gentlemen committed by you to my charge and oversight ; in a word, it had the first and last hand put to it, that is, ows both its originall and perfection to your house at HADLEY." A long metrical Froeme, commencing with these lines.
" Hadley Vestry Minute Book.
^ The lease of a house on the south side of the Strand, without Temple Bar, in the parish of St. Clement Danes, was granted in 1681 to Heneage Price, goldsmith.
<= Dated 3 July 1688, and proved on the 19 of the same by Mary Price his widow. P.C.C. Book Exton 98.
* 20 April 1620, Thomas, son of Mr. Francis Atkinson and Elizabeth his wife, was bapt. Hadley Par. Eeg.
« 4 July 1644, "a youth from the blew house" was buried. lb. 16 Sep. 1663, Mr. Taylour, "usher att the blew house," was buried. lb,
' 19 Jan. 1642-3, Mr. Josua Poole and Mrs. Mary Atkinson were married. lb.
B Printe<l for Tho. Johnson, at the golden Key in St. PauVs Churchyard. 1657.
D 2
28 The Farlsh of Iloiikeii Hadley.
" Sweet impes "■ of early hopes wliose smiling brow Beckens the cincture of the laureate bough, Whose lips seem made, to tast no other spring, Than that by which the Thespian virgins sing •,"
is addressed " To the hopeful young Gentlemen, his Schollers in that private School, at Sadley, kept in the house of Mr. Francis Atkinson." A preface bearing the signature J. D. records how Mr. Poole " had sometime the charge and management of a private School at Sadleij near Baruet in the County of Middlesex, kept in the house of a worthy Gentleman, one Mr. Francis Atkinson who out of a design truly generous, and publick, endevouring to prevent the inconveniences of irregulated youth, set up a School or Academy, for the educa- tion of a select number of Gentlemens sons of good quality. There, it seems, as he confesseth, in his Epistle to the said Mr. Atkinson, he writ this elaborate piece. But this is not his first appearance in tlie world ; for in the year 1655 came forth a book of his called the ENGLISH ACCIDENCE, very usefuU for such as it was intended for, as teaching a way to make him that can but indifferently read English, to turn any sentence into pure and elegant Latine.'"^'
'^ Imp, a word of Welsh origin, signified a shoot or scion, and hence came to be used for a boy or child. Lord Cromwell, in his last letter to Henry VIII. prays for the imp his son. Pistol salutes Henry V. by the same title. " The heavens thee guard and keep, most royal itnp of fame !" Shakspere, 2 Hen. IV. act v. sc. 5. Cf. Love's Labour Lost, act i. sc. 2. '' Why, sadness is one and the self same thing, dear imp." Spenser's Faerie Queene; " And thou, most dreadful imjy of highest Jove, Fair Venus' son." It is now employed exclusively in a bad sense, as in The Paradise Lost. In " The Delectable Historic of Celestina the Faire, Daughter to the King of Thessalie, done out of French into English by W. B. 1596," we find — " the gentleman had three sonnes, very ungracious impes, and of a wicked nature."
" The
English Accidence,
or
a short and easy way for the more
speedy attaining to the
LATINE TONGUE,
so framed that young children may bee
exercized therein as soon as they can but indiflfe-
rently read English, and thereby enabled to turn
any Sentence into pure and elegant Latine
By Joshua Poole.
Published by Authority
and
commended as generally necessary
Tlie Parish of Monlten Haclley. 29
It would be interesting to know whether any, or what, rivah'y existed at this date between so very select an establishment and the neighbouring Barnet Grammar School. In the latter it was made a sine qua uon that the scholars in the higher forms should speak no other language in school than Latin, under pain of the ferula, whereas Mr. Atkinson's pupils had, as we see, the advantage of a system, out of which a very superficial acquaintance with the mother tongue was no drawback to the acquisition of a most refined Latinity.
The will of Mr. Prancis Atkinson was dated 19 Oct. 1663," at which time he is described as of Ludgrove in the County of Middlesex, gent, and he requests that, wheresoever he die, he may be interred in the church of Hadley, near to the place where his late dear wife lieth buried.*" After legacies to a number of relatives, he constitutes his grandchild Mary Poole, a minor," his sole executrix and residuary legatee, appointing as her guardians his friends Richard Baldwyn,'' of East Barnet gent, and Mr. Balph Gale," citizen and haberdasher of London, " dwellinge neare unto Ludgate in the corner house of the Old Bayly." Erom expressions used in the will it may be conjectured that his brother-in-law Mr. Gregory Lovell,*^ the husband of his sister Damaris, had already succeeded him in the occupancy of Ludgrove. In a memorandum of furniture, &c. bequeathed to Mary Poole, and now in the custody of Gregory Lovell, he says " all which goods I left standing and beinge in the E-oome wherein I usually lodged att my brother Lovell's house in Hadley when I dwelt there." To his grandchild Anne Atkinson he likewise bequeaths certain other furniture &c. " left and still standing and being in a Ground Chamber called the little Parlour adjoyning to the Roome
to be made use of in all Scliooles of
this Commonwealth.
London. Printed by F. Leach, for Richard Lowndes and
are to be sold at the White-Lyon in S'. Paul's
Churchyard, 1655.
" Proved P.C.C. 20 Jan. 1665-G. Book Mioo, 1. He was buried in the church of Hadley 15 July
1665.
•> Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Francis Atkinson, was bur. 10 Dec. 1657.
<^ Mary, daughter of Joshua and Mary Poole, born 13 July and bapt. 15 July 1645. Hadley Par. Eeg. George Gaell and Mary Poole were married at East Barnet 24 May 1670. East Barnet Par. Reg. '• Richard Baldwin, esq. d. 12 July 1677, aged 66, and was bur. at East Barnet, where there was an inscription to his memory. Chauncy's Herts, fo. ed. 499*.
<= Will proved P.C.C. 3 Feb. 1670-1, by Abraham Campion, who had married Sarah his only child. ' The Christian name of Gregory points to a descent from the great Norfolk house of Lovell of Barton Bendish and East Harlinsr.
30 The Parish of Monken Hadley.
called tlie Hall of the aforesaid house of my said brother Lovell. Also a great chest being in the Roome called the Passage Chamber in my s'^ brother Lovell's house in which is all the weareing Clothes of mee and of my late deare Wife and of my grandchild Anne Atkinson's Mother." To the poor of Hadley be gives £5, to be distributed at the discretion of the Minister and Churchwardens.
The name of Lovell appears in the Hadley registers or rate books as late as April 1668, in which year Gregory Lovell was assessed to the repairs of the church. It is probable, notwithstanding, that he did not occupy Liidgrove during the whole of this period. There are traces of his having resided at one time in a house not far from the church, where he was succeeded by the Stanyans." We afterwards lind the family at East Barnet, the registers of which parish contain entries relating to them down to 1695, on the 25 of April in which year Damaris Lovell was buried.
The later " messuage or mansion house," in which Gregory Lovell resided at Hadley, and which may have been the house now called The Priory, had been at one time in the occupation of Rowland Backhouse, esq. of London, afterwards of Oliver Reeve, esq. of London, and then of Robert Savery, who preceded the Lovells.'' It apparently belonged to the Backhouse family and continued to be their property for many years subsequently. The name of Mr. Backhouse has already ° occurred in mentioning the earlier survey of Enfield Chace. He was an alderman of London, " free of the Companie of Mercers," as he states in his will, and the son of Nicholas Backhouse,'^ also an alderman, who had been sheriff in 1577," an office which he himself served in 1628.* In 1619 we find him one of the 29 Adventurers" of the New River Company, incorporated in that year by charter of King James I. Hugh Middleton was Governor, Rowland Backhouse the Treasm'er, and among the remaining names are those of Samuel Backhouse, esq., his elder brother, and John, afterwards knighted, son and heir of Samuel.
Mr. Rowland Backhouse died in 1648, aged 89. His will bears date 12
" Col. Abraliam Stanyan is first mentioned early in 1G72.
" Title Deeds of the Manor of Hadley.
" Supra, p. 18.
* The family were originally of Whitrigg, near the Solway Frith in Cumberland.
c B. B. Orridge.
« lb.
8 Chauncy's. Herts, fo. ed. b^. Clutterbuck's Herts. Great Amivell, ii. 7, note 1.
M^m
ThomM Backhouse, of=pEleanor, dau. of John Pf
Whitrigg, CO. Cura- herland.
of Hartlow, co. Cumbe Gu. two chev. between escallops arg.
Anne, dau. of^^Nicholas Backhouse,: Thomas Cur- alderman of London; son, of Crox- sheriff 1578; living all, CO. Derby, in 1634. Harl. 1st wife. MS. 1444, f. 49.
:Emme, dau, an heir of John Joi dan, als. Cartel 2nd wife.
Samuel Back- house, of Swallowfield, CO. Berks, son and heir, d. 1626, sst. 72.
Arms of Backhouse ; Per saltire (
nd az. a saltire erm. humettd.
Crest : Upon a snake erabowed, nowed at the tail ppr. an eagle displayed vert. Harl. MS. 1463 f. 36».
Sir John — Back- house, Knt. of the Bath to Car. I. Mar. lie. 11 July, 1615; d. 1649, ffit. 66.
-Flower, dau. of Thomas Henshaw, merchant taylor, and of Flower his wife. Shere-mar. Henry Smith al's Nevile, of Holt, CO. Leicester, esq.
d. s. p.
AVilliam - Back- house, of Swal- lowfield, esq. d. 30 May, 1662, set. 70.
Anne, dau. of Brian Richards, of Hartley Wespall, CO. Hants, d. 1663.
I Anne, bap.: at Little Marlow 2 Sept. 1582, d. before her hus- band.
|
Elizabeth, |
Miles, |
Mary, |
=Sir William |
Sarah.=Nicholas Ful- |
|
dau. of |
died |
bur. |
Borlase,sen. |
wer.ofCham- |
|
John |
s. p. |
18 |
of Little |
berhouse, co. |
|
Borlase, |
July, |
jMarlow, |
Berks, coun- |
|
|
of Little |
1625. |
knt. bur. |
sellor at law. |
|
|
Marlow, |
there 5 Sep. |
Arg. three |
||
|
CO. |
1629. |
bars gu. |
||
|
Bucks, |
Crest: On a |
|||
|
esq. Mar. |
mount vert a, |
|||
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there 6 |
beacon with a |
|||
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Sep. |
fire, against it |
|||
|
1581. |
a ladder arg. |
:Thomas Chester, of Al- monds- bury,
Glouc. Admin. 10 Sep. 1658.
Elizabeth,
mar.
Belling- ham, of Brumby Wood, CO. Line.
Mary, mar, William Standen, of Arbor- field, CO. Berks,
John, eldest son, bur. at St. Helenas 22 Nov. 1648; d. s. p.
Nicholas^pChristian,
Back- house, of Lon- don, bur. at St. Helen's 21 Nov. 1650.
dau. of John Wil- liams, of London, merchant, mar. at St. Bennet, Paul's Wharf, 24 May,1638; bur. at St. Helen's 29 Mav, 1651.
Margaret. Willprov- ed a,s of Withyam, CO. Sussex, 9 Nov. 1648.
John, son and heir, d. 4 Sep. 1660.
Samuel, died young.
I William Bishop.-pFIower Backhouse,=Sir William Backhouse, bart. of Swal-
of South Warn- borough, CO. Hants, esq. died circ. 1658 ; 1st husband.
and he mar. Srdly,
dau
She
Henry Hyde, 2nd
Earl of Clarendon,
and d. s. p.
lowfield; bapt. at St. Helen's 16 Feb. 1641-2; mar. at St. Andrew's Hol- born, 13 Nov. 1662; high sheriff of Berks 1664 ; died 22 Aug. 1669 ; admin. 14 Oct. 1669.
1—
I - ., Christiar John, Rowlani Christia Christia
William and Anne, both died young.
(1) BacHousr, Harl. MSS. 1096, f. 27^ Visitation of London If 1483, ff. 66^ 67, 68, Visitation of Berks 1664; 1504. f. 87''. Add. M* of Surrey 1623. i-M/M-c;', Add. MS. 5533, p. 60. iam»«, Harl.
(2) His funeral sermon, entitled " Abraham's Interment ; or Thei was printed in 1656 and dedicated ■' To the Right Worshipfull. the ti the Inner Temple."
(3) Ashm. Lib. Wood MS. 8511.
(4) Anciently written Fnlmore and Foweliner. Calamy, Non
3 and KING, (l)
[Between pages 30 and 31.
Baldwin Lamott or La Mott,=^. of Reynegelts, near Ypres in Flanders.
Bartholomew Barnes, =p:Margaret. citizen and mercer, of London. Will proved Oct. 1606.
I
I
Mary.=f=Franci3 Lamott, cams into Eng-=Elizabeth Van land 4 Eliz. on account of Alva's Oeghem, living persecution, and dwelt at Col- in Dec. 1601. Chester. Died in London. Will proved 24 Dec. 1601.
Le Roy,=p.,
of Flemish or French | origin.
Mar- = garet, 2nd wife.
=Sir Maurice = Abbot, dra- per, M. P. for Loudon 1625; lord mayor 1638, bro. of Geo. Abbot, abp. of Canter- bury and Ro- bert Abbot, bp. of Salis- bury.
|
f:Joan, dau. of |
Lamott.=j=. r -^ 1 |
Abignel, mar. |
|
|
George Austen, |
n |
Jacob Aren. |
|
|
of Shal- |
David = Eliza- |
Sara |
|
|
ford.co. |
Lamott, beth. |
La- |
|
|
Surrey. |
born at Col- chester. Will proved 29 May 1629. |
mott. |
|
Hester. Maria.
|
widow of |
alderman of |
|
Levinus |
London, born |
|
Monk, |
at Colchester |
|
esq. one |
1 May, 1577; |
|
of the Six |
d. 13 July, |
|
Clerks, |
1655. Arg. |
|
mar.1627. |
three bars |
|
died s. p. |
humette sa. |
|
circa |
Mar. 3 times. |
|
1645. |
Will proved |
|
8 Aug. 1655. |
|
|
(2) |
;Anne Tivelin,=j=David Le Ezechias=j=Anne
of a refugee family at Canterbury, 1st wife, bur. atSt. Barth^' Exchange, 30 Jan. 1625-6.
Roy, or King, merch- ant, Ist hus- band.
Le Roy. Will proved 13 Jan. 1620-1.
las Julyan, bur. at St. He- len's, 5 Feb. 1656-7.
Sarah, =pGeorge Dod- ding, of
mar.
29
Nov.
1631.
head, CO. Lane.
Margaret=Thomas Abbot, Marshe, bur. 27 of South Aug. Mimms.
1678.
Gertrude,^:==Maurice - 2nd wife. Abbot, entered gen. fil. of co.Middx. at Ball. Coll. Oxf. 15 Oct. 1619, aged 17. (3)
|
Elizabeth |
1 He3ter,=j= |
|
Lamott, |
mar. |
|
younger dau. d. |
1st, John |
|
before |
Man- |
|
her |
ning, |
|
father. Mar. at |
esq. mer- |
|
St. Bartfa. |
chant. |
|
Exchange 19 July 1632. |
:Sir Thomas H on y wood, knt. of Markshall, CO. Essex.
Ezekias King,=j=Mary, living
Maurice Abbot, of the Inner Temple.
Elizabeth Honywood. Thomas Honywood. John Lamott Honywood.
I I
Slizabeth, =pEzekias King,
lapt. at 3t. Helen's
L644.
of London, gent, admii 16 July,
1684.
David King, eldest son.
othy.
John, =p., deceased in 167
Elizabeth, mar. Fox.
Jane, mar. George Porter.
Sarah, mar. Wright.
Anne, mar. Nathaniel Carr.
of Cambridge Univ. clerk. RectorofFoul- mire Cam- bridgeshire 1642—1666. Ejected for noncon- formity ; described as of Hornsey, Middx. in his will, proved 27 Sep. 1678. (4)
Sept. 1673.
William Anne Le Roy. Le Roy.
5 Dec. 1712.
Elizabeth, living 21 Jan. 1712-13.
Mary,
on 1634; 1463, f. 36% Visitation of London 1568, with Additions; >ms of London families. Sanies, Harl. MS. 1430, f. 141. Visitation Afl. MS. 5533, p. 213. Willinms, Add. MS. 5533, p. 139. o; Old Age," was preached, 24 July, 1655, by Fulk Bellers, M.A. It nionywood and To her most hopefull Nephew Mr. Maurice Abbot of
mire Par. Reg.
The Parish of Monken Sadley. 31
Nov. 1647.'' A desire is tlierein expressed, that his widow may " iu lier life- time soe order and dispose of the two cheynes of gold which shee hath and iiseth and which in the time of my Shreevalty I gave unto her, the one whereof T bought of my brother in lawe Sir Maurice Abbott'' weighing twentie nyne ounces and a pennyweighte and the other which I bought of Mr. Wakefeild Goldsmith sett with a diamond, that the greater of them maie after my wife's decease be and remaine to my daughter Julyan and the other to my daughter Doddinge." He had married Elizabeth daughter and coheir of Bartholomew " Barnes of London, and had by this alliance acquired the manor of Widford in Hertfordshire. This estate had been already settled, at his marriage, upon his younger son Nicholas, whose son Sir William, created a baronet 9 Nov. 1660, sold it in 1668 to the Hamond family, its present possessors.'' Upon his unmarried daughter Julyan, whom from this will and that of her brother Nicholas we may conclude to have been held in especial favour, and her heirs, he had, he remarks, " latelie settled conveyed and assured all my share part purparte" title and interest of in and to the Waterworke or New Cutte'' and E-yver lately made or having Currant unto and towards the north parte of the Cittie of London."
The will of Nicholas Backhouse, a merchant of London, son of Rowland, was proved P.C.C. 12 March 1650-1.* By his wife Christian, daughter of John Williams, he left the above mentioned William and a daughter Elizabeth,'' and made a very strict settlement of his landed property. Sir William married
» Proved P.C.C. 12 Aug. 1648 by Nicholas the son.
" Sir Maurice Abbott, a younger brother of George Abbott, archbishop of Canterbury, and of Robert Abbott, bishop of Salisbury, had married, secondly, Margaret daughter of Bartholomew Barnes. Harl. MS. 1430, f. 141. Visitation of Surrey 1623. He was sheriff in 1627. B. B. Orridge.
" Bartholomew Barnes, citizen of London, presented to the rectory of Widford 22 Oct. 1599. Clutter- buck iii. 324.
« Clutterbuck iii. 323. Chauncy says (fo. ed. 201".) that he sold it to Thomas Byrd, who was still the owner in 1700. Thomas Bird, esq. was of Mardocks in the parish of Ware. Newcourt's Rep. i. 908. Clutterbuck iii. 306.
■= Purparty (purpars). That part or share of an estate which after having been held in common by coparceners is by partition allotted to any of them. Holthouse's Law Diet.
* Cut, a canal. Halliwell. The term had been applied to the ditch by which Sesostris purposed to unite the Red Sea with the Mediterranean. Johnson's Diet.
E Book Grey 45.
h William, bapt. at St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, 16 Feb. 1641-2, and Elizabeth, bapt. at the same, 18 May 1644,
32 The Parish of Monhen Madley.
Plower/ the heiress of his cousin William '' Backhouse, esq. of Swallowflekl co. Berks, and widow of William Bishop of South Warnborough in Hampshire. Dying without issue in 1669, when the baronetcy expired, his sister Elizabeth," the wife of Ezekias King of London esq. succeeded him under the entail. On 4 Jan. 1692-3 William King of Ch. Ch. Oxford, doctor of laws, son and heir of Elizabeth King, widow, executed a mortgage, which included the Hadley property. He was born in London in 1663, and matriculated, as a Westminster student, at Ch. Ch. 16 Dec. 1681, aged 18, was B.A. 8 Dec. 1685, M.A. 6 July 1688, and D.C.L. 7 July 1692. In 169-1, having attracted the notice of Prince George of Denmark, he was appointed secretary to the Princess Anne, after- wards Queen. Dr. King was a well-known and versatile writer, and in 1711 Swift, who was his constant friend, procured for him the editorship of the Gazetteer. There is an Article upon him in the Biographic TJniverselle, in which it is recorded that " retenu par son indolence, il se montra rarement au barreau, quoique par ses talents et par son alliance avec les families de Clarendon^ et de Rochester, "^ il eut pu obtenir un avancement rapide. II se faisait remarquer par un esprit original et mordant ; plusieurs de ses ecrits sont des modeles a citer en ce genre." His moral character did not stand high, though the same article allows that he was a diligent student of the Bible, and that, in his more question- able writings, "il a toujours su respecter la morale et la vertu." Dr. Johnson says of him that " though his life had not been without irregularity, his
* This lady married, thirdly, Henry Hyde, second earl of Clarendon, who was for a short time Lord Lieutenant of Ireland during the reign of his brother-in-law James II. Evelyn, on the 22 Oct. 1685, accompanied lady Clarendon to her house at Swallowfield, when she went thither to set things in order preparatory to her departure for Ireland. He speaks enthusiastically of the " gardens and waters" there, and pays a warm tribute to his entertainment " by that most religious and vertuous lady." They returned to London on the 26, and the next day he met the Lord Lieutenant at the house of Sir Stephen Fox, for the trial of a master cook, whom Sir Stephen had recommended to go with his lordship into Ireland. Evelyn Memoirs i. 577, 578. Harl. MS. 1483 f. 66". Burke's Extinct Peerage. Lord Clarendon set out for Dublin in Dec. 1685, and received his dismissal in .January 1687, when Tyrconnel was made Lord Deputy. Macaulay Hist, of England, 12"' ed. 137-159.
" Fourth son, but eventual representative, of Samuel Backhouse of Swallowfield, the elder brother of Eowland.
<= Mrs. King's name appears as a proprietor at Hadley 20 Sep. 1689, William Tate, esq. being her tenant. Hadley Eate Book.
* See note % supra.
•= Laurence Hyde, 2""^ son of the 1^' earl of Clarendon, was cr. earl of Eochester 29 Nov. 1682, and d. in 1711. Henry, his son and successor, became 4"' and last earl of Clarendon 31 March 1723, at the deease of his kinsman the 3'''' earl.
The Parish of Ilonlcen Saclley. 33
j)rinciples were pure and orthodox, and his death, was pious." A poem of liis on the Art of Cookery, " humbly inscribed to the Hon. Beef-Steak Club," was first printed in 1708. In letters on the subject be draws as unfavourable a contrast between the relative progress of England and Erance in this direction, as might be expected from the most enthusiastic promoter of a School of Cookery at the present day. Quot Galli, totidem CoquL " What hopes " — be writes — " can there be of any progress in learning whilst our gentlemen suffer their sons at Westminster, Eton, and Winchester, to eat nothing but salt with their mutton, and vinegar with their roast beef, upon holydays ? What extensiveness can tbere be in their souls, especially when, upon their going thence to the univer- sity, their knowledge in culinary matters is seldom enlarged, and their diet continues very much the same, and as to sauces they are in profound ignorance ? " Having dissipated his patrimony, he died in very reduced circumstances on Christmas Day 1712, and was buried two days afterwards, 27 Dec. in the north cloister of Westminster Abbey. Erom the previous Midsummer he had resided on the Surrey side of the Thames, and it was only on the day preceding his death that his connection, lord Clarendon,'' with whom it is stated that he lived in constant intercourse, had sent his sister to fetch him in a chair to a lodging which he had provided for him in the Strand, opposite Somerset House. His will, dated the same day (24 Dec.) was proved on 21 Jan. following," by his sister Elizabeth King, sole legatee and executrix. Some verses written in pencil, and found in his pocket at his death, may be almost taken as a delineation of his character.
I sing the various Chances of the World, Thro' which Men are by Fate or Fortune hurl'd. 'Tis by no Scheme or Method that I go, But paint in Verse my Notions as they flow ; With Heat the wanton Images pursue, Fond of tlie Old, yet still creating New ; Fancy myself in some secure Retreat, Resolve to be Content, and so be Great. *=
'^ Edward Hyde, 3'''' earl of Clarendon, married, when viscount Cornbury, at Totteridge Herts, 10 July 1688, Catharine O'Brien, dau. of Henry lord Ibrackan, eldest son of Henry 7*'' earl of Thomond, who, at the decease of her mother, became baroness Clifton in her own right and ancestress of the present earl of Darnley. He succ. his father Henry, 2"'^ earl of Clarendon 31 Oct. 1709. His only son Edward, viscount Cornbury d. unm. 12 Feb. 1712-3. Totteridge Par. Reg. Burke's Extinct Peerage.
•> P.C.C. Book Leeds 14.
"^ Dr. William King's Remains, pub. 1732, with portrait at the age of 49, after R. Bellow, facing the
E
34 The Parish of IlonJcen Haclley.
The mortgage, to which, reference has heen made, in so far at least as the Hadley property was concerned, became eventually vested in the Chandler family.
Sir Roger Wilbraham, knt., of Ludgraves or Ludgrove, of whom more will be said hereafter, when we come to speak of the church and almshouse, left at his death, 29 July 1616, three surviving daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, and Catharine, of whom the eldest, Mary, was already'' the first wife of Sir Thomas Pelham 2nd bart. of Laughton Sussex, M.P. for that county, who died in 1654. He had voted on the popular side in the parliaments held by Charles I., but retired into private life during the government of Cromwell. To the eldest son of this marriage. Sir John Pelham, bart., likewise M.P. for Sussex, the OAvnership of Ludgraves descended.'' He married at Penshurst, 20 Jan. 1647, lady Lucy Sidney (born in 1625) 2nd daughter of Robert, 2nd earl of Leicester of that family, the sister of Algernon Sidney and of Dorothy, countess of Sunderland, Waller's Sacharissa, whose
" presence lias sucli more than human grace,
That it can civilize the rudest jjlace."
"To my young Lady Lucy Sidney" herself the poet addresses some graceful lines, commencing Avith the stanza :
" Why came I so untimely forth Into a world which wanting thee, Could entertain us with no worth Or shadow of felicity ? That time should me so far remove From that which I was born to love !"°
Sir John Pelham sold his pro2:)erty at Hadley to Ambrose Brunskell, esq., Avlio in his will, dated 26 Dec. 1668,'' speaks of it as " lately purchased." Mr. Brunskell, a London merchant, who was born at Barnard Castle in Durham, and at the time of his death still owned property there, as well as at Bowes and Start- forth in the same neighbourhood, divided this and his estate at Northaw between
title-page. Bell's Poets 1781. Biog. Univ. Phillimore's Alumni "Westmonasterienses 191, 192. Chester's Westminster Abbey Registers p. 275.
" Vide Sir E. Wilbraham's will, proved P.C.C. 12 Nov. 1616. Book Cope 109.
" Ancestor of the present earl of Chichester.
'^ Edmund Waller was born at Coleshill in Hertfordshire, 3 March 1605.
'1 Proved P.C.C. 2 Nov. 1670, by Jane Walton and Honor Asty. Book Penn. 14G. He was rated to Hadlev in 16G8.
of fciithair, 40. i#s.(i)
Dau. of —
Slater of iimble.^Agnes Johnson. York. n, sta- I
I ' I
Philip Brunskell, of B| '
son. Purchased the>le, of Lon-^^-Agnes, dau. of and advowson of the jer, deputy John Moody. York in 1593. be Ward in
William Tench, of Shrewsbury,=pEleanor, dau. of Richard
gent. Harl. MS.1476,f.331". P.C.C. Books Smith 98 and Derby 258.
Purcell, of Dintle,
Salop.
3runskell, of bapt. 6 Nov. t Bowes 20
Bowes,: 1615.
March I co. York gent, mar.bre Dec, I art. 13 July 1640.
Mary, dau. of Percival]
Phillip, of Brignall^ deceased
Nicholas Tench, of London, merchant, = Arms granted 1 July 1628. Arg. on a chev. betw. 3 lions' heads erased gu. a cross crosslet or. Crest, an arm vested gu. turned up arg. grasping a tench in the hand, all ppr. Harl. MS. 1538. f. 50". Bur. at Low Leyton.
=Mabel, dau. of Samuel Ba- ker, of Lon- don. Bur. at Low Leyton.
William Fisher, alder- man of London. Az. a fesse embattled counter-embattled betw. 3 dolphins naiantarg. Lysons iv. 168, note.
Jrunskell, of=pMary, dau. of Thomas Fetherstonhaugh of Kirkoswald, co. Cumb. esq. living 1 July, 1675.
gent. set. 21 35. Will
at Rich- 1 July 1675.
Elizabeth, mar. at Northaw,^Nathaniel Tench, of Low Leyton, co. Essex, eldest son and=FAnn Fisl 23 Aug. 1655, deceased heir, d. 2 Apr. 1710, aged 78. Will proved 14 Apr. before Dec. 1668. 1710. Bur. at Low Levton. Lysons iv. 168. 170.
171.
Ann.=Ambrose Asty.
1
Elizabeth. =Franci3 Asty.
Bruns-: Bowes,
I infant
i. Bur.
es24
(43.
=Mary, dau. of Thomas Wal Christopher Harrison,^ Clk, vicar of Brough, CO. Westmore- land. Mar. circa 1695-6.
ton, bapt. at Hadiey 31 Jan. 1688-9, living Jan. 1713-4. John bapt. 16 Feb. 1689- 90.
a. B.
Sir Fisher Tench hart, of Low Leyton, M.P. for=pElizabeth, Southwark ; High Sheriff of Essex ] 712. created a baronet 8 Aug. 1715. d. 31 Oct. 1736 aged 63. Will proved 23 Nov. 1736 (Gent's. Mag. 31 Nov. 1736).
bert Bird ( Inn. Liv 1737.
s, Bur. rthaw, Wab-
9 Nov.
,iiel. at Nor- 17 Nov.
Elizabeth of Black Notley, Mar. Francis Asty esq.
Brunskell, of Bowes, esq. bapt.^ 'eb. 1705-6; bur. at Bowes 31 1794.
:Christopher Wy-: 11, esq. auditor
of ex
Gu.
3 chevronels in- terlaced vaire, a chief or. d. 26 Apr. 1752 mar. thirdly, Ann ..., living 1749.
Mary. Penelope d. unm,
(1)
Mary, dau.l |
Whytell, iyvill,=Elizabeth WyviU bur. 1 Nolotley. d. s. p. 22 July 1733,aged68(8).
Henrietta Asty, of Black Notley and of Northaw. 2 dau. and co- heiress. Mar. 14 March 1738-9, (with £12,000. Gent's Mag.) d. 1742. 2 wife.
Sir Nathaniel Tench 2nd hart. d. unm. 2 June 1737 aged 40. Burke's Ex- tinct Bar.(9).
Eliza, beth. Liv- ing 4 July 1737.
Jane =: Adam
d.s. p. 18 May 1752, 2 wife. Will proved 20 June 1752.
of Ches CO. Det son of Soresb; 5 June Admin 20 Auj
Sir Marmaduke Asty WyviU, of Constable Burton co. York, b. 10 Sep. 1740; succ, his uncle as 7th bart. 27 Deo. 1754, d. unm. at Bath 23 Feb. 1774. Burke's Ext. Baronetage.
Agincour documeni f21
tablet in Northaw church. It is probable that the Hammonds were previously will of Francis Astv. dated 7 Sep. 1694.
34 The Parish of Monhen Sadley.
The mortgage, to wliicli I'eference lias been made, in so far at least as the Hadley property was concerned, became eventually vested in the Chandler family.
Sir Roger Wilbraham, knt., of Ludgraves or Ludgrove, of whom more will be said hereafter, when we come to speak of the church and almshouse, left at his death, 29 July 1616, three surviving daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, and Catharine, of whom the eldest, Mary, was already" the first wife of Sir Thomas Pelham 2nd hart, of Laughton Sussex, M.P. for that county, who died in 1654. He had voted on the popular side in the parliaments held by Charles I., but retired into private life during the government of Cromwell. To the eldest son of this marriage, Sir John Pelham, hart., likewise M.P. for Sussex, the ownership of Ludgraves descended. "^ He married at Penshurst, 20 Jan. 1647, lady Lucy Sidney (born in 1625) 2nd daughter of Robert, 2nd earl of Leicester of that family, the sister of Algernon Sidney and of Dorothy, countess of Sunderland, Waller's Sacharissa, whose
" presence has such more than human grace,
That it can civilize the rudest place."
"To my young Lady Lucy Sidney" herself the poet addresses some graceful lines, commencing with the stanza :
" Why came I so untimely forth Into a world which wanting thee, Could entertain us with no worth Or shadow of felicity ? That time should me so far remove From that which I was born to love !"•=
Sir John Pelham sold his property at lladley to Ambrose Brunskell, esq., Avho in his will, dated 26 Dec. 1668,'^ speaks of it as " lately purchased." Mr. Brunskell, a London merchant, who was born at Barnard Castle in Durham, and at the time of his death still owned property there, as well as at Bowes and Start- forth in the same neighbourhood, divided this and his estate at Northaw between
title-page. Bell's Poets 178L Biog. Univ. Phillimore's Alumni Westmonasterienses 191, 192. Chester's Westminster Abbey Registers p. 275.
■•' Vide Sir R. Wilbraham's will, proved P.C.C. 12 Nov. 161G. Book Cope 109,
" Ancestor of the present earl of Chichester.
'■ Edmund Waller was born at Coleshill in Hertfordshire, .3 Mai-ch 1605.
'• Proved P.C.C. 2 Nov. 1670, by Jane Walton and Honor Asty. Book Penn. 146. Ho was rated to Hadlcv in 1668.
pedigree of iiRUNSKELL, of ^nrniml (rasilr, co. Durham; of JJoujch, co. JJorh; of gadli|n, co. .?tliddlcficv : and of Jlortham, do. Siiiits.(l)
IJiitmcn j/Offcit U and 35.]
Arms. Arg. a cliev. sit. on a dexter canton of the tecond an escallop o Crest. A ilemi griffin holding between the cUwa an escallop.
Philip BnmAell. of Barnard Castle. eldest=j=CbristiaD. dau. of fon. PorchsMd the manor, laj-reccorj-, Roger Alderson, -"* ' of Barnard Caslfe.
,..|.
\NorHEit Crest Harl. MS 10<lb f 3 Sur- lees, Hiat of Durham.
^Humble.^Agnes Jol
lorge HumMc, of Lon-^pAgnes, dau. of on, stationer, deputy I John Moody. f Langhourne Ward iu
Wilham Tonch, of Shrew sburj,=pEleianor , dau. of P gent, Harl. MS. 1476, f. 331". Purcell. of Dint P.C.C. Books Smith 98 and Salop. Derby 258. ]
of Clcrte Ir^zt. in
iVilii&m Bruns-^..
^Cuthbc-rt Thure' of Woolhouse, near Barnard Castle.
|
Humljie |
W.lliam b.l612; |
Humble. e.q. = er. « baronet in con- |
|
1 wife. |
fiideratio nithed t |
n of £Wfsm fur- Charle.II.in exile; c. 168(3. Sa. abuek |
' heads erased \ ker, of Lon-
039 erosslet or. Crest, an arm I don. Bur. at
;u, turned up arg. grasping Low Leyton. in the hand, all ppr, Harl. |
t'llliam Fisher, aldeiv=j=,., man of London. Az. a fesse embattled
house, gent. bapt. 7 i 1613. bur. 21 Aug.
Rachel Brad-
Brunskell. ■. at Nor- V, 30 Dec.
-Tliomas Walton, of Honor Bruns-=j=Franci8 Asty, of Lo
London, citizen and kcll, bur. at j merchant, bur. at
grocer. Living Dec. Northaw, 15 I thaw 5 Dec. 1694.
16(JS. I Apr. 1692. I
Elizabeth, mar. at Nor thaw .^Nathaniel Tench, of Low Leyton, co. Essex, eldest son and= 23 Aug. Hi55, deceased heir, d. 2 Apr. 1710, aged 7S. Will proved 14 Apr. before Dec. 166S. 1710. Bur. at Low Leyton. Lysons iv. 168. 170.
:Ann Fisher, d. 1696.
:=MaTT, daa. of Tluxias PedktntoB&aagfa of , KIHurwzld, CD.
H^iej 31 Jw). liija-a, linxi% Jut.
Ass*. Mm7. f-rfutioyt 4. q
„ 1 M i i i i
ELxabeth Hai7b*pt. 18 Dec. 1686. bapt. 29 Ann Upt. 29 De«, 1687. ■ ' Sarab.
Jane bapt. 1 July \$9i. Mar;^ret bapL 14 Joly
'ill
J6S4,
Francis Asty esq.=Elizabeth Ait; of l^able^ and dau. ofFrai Northaw. Will proved 7 March 1748-9. Bur. thaw 11 Ju: at North
Elizabeth. will. d. i Nor- at North
Ambrose AsIj.^Elizabe
d.SNov. 1761, bur. at Market Wes-
i Asty of $?ab{ES and=pEHzaheth Tench.
Notley, CO. Essex; It Northaw 3 March Will proved 17
Elizabeth.=Franci
March 1711-2.
: 8 Aug. 1715. d. 31 Oct. 1736 aged 63. Will proved 23 Nov. 1736 (Gent's. Mag. 31 Nov. 1736).
Ham- = =Honar Asty. -
■cl, 17-
ed 18 f 1753.
• Andrew Lilly,
Fi'h. 1758. Will proved 2 March 175S-9 (7).
living Hannah. Sarali.
Froioil nl N<f fli
|
1-2 June |
Nutba^iel. |
|
Bur. lat Nor- |
|
|
proved 18 |
tliaw,17Nov. |
|
Juno 1747. |
1719i |
Of excise. I 3 chevronols terlnced vain chief or. d, Apr. 1752 u thirdly, Ann living 1749.
and of Northaw. 2 dau. and co- heiress. Mar. 14 March 1738-9. (with £12.000. «enf» Mag.) d. 1742. 2 wife.
2 June 1737 ing 4 1T52, aged 40. July 2 wife.
Burke's Ex- 1737. Will
Inn. Living 25 May
of Chesterfield CO. Derby esq. son of William Soresby es
Ambrose ITainniond, suiter, of London, living 7 Aug. 1759.
Ann Hammond, Manly est].
Uov. Christopher Wyvill,=Eliiabcth Wyvlll rector of Black Nttloy, d. a. p. 22 July 00. Essex. ,' 1788, aged 68 (8).
Sir Marmaduke Asty Wyvill, of Constable Burton co. Yorl b. 10 Sep. 1740; succ his uncle as 7lh ban. 27 Dec. 1754. unm. at Bath 33 Fob. 1774. Burke's Ext. Baronetage.
Public Record I
{'£) Vi4t Snrten. Hid, t,t Dnrtiam, ir.
fZ) IV -ill </f a Willutri Bnirukuil, ftownna, mw) Oitk* (Uaj^tmi.
(4) tin. Kwh«i tha4-4MU,, tmr govl B«ne&ctfnM, bur. 18 July lfS72, who died July 12. Northaw Par. Reg-
f^i IA*eharg«d tb« mum year. Kep. 66. Town Clerk's Omo«, tiuildhall, 4 Nov. 16&U to 28 Oct. 1657. A tublot in the HoutJi I huntrd CMii« ebartrh rtxnrdibi that AmbroM Uninsk«ll of Northaw ijave Dec-. 26. 1(!(I8 one huuso in Barnard Ca«tlu, an a honofitotit
I21409S
The Farish of Ilonken Hadley. 35
his two surviving daugliters Jane, tlie wife of Tliomas Walton,^ and Honor the wife of Francis Asty, strictly entailing them upon his said daughters and their issue, Avith cross remainders. He was buried at Northaw 20 Oct. 1670, when Mrs. "Walton, his eldest daughter, succeeded to Ludgrove, and jNlrs. Asty to the remainder of tlie Hadley property, tenanted by Robert Pecke and John Howkins.'' To the poor both of Hadley and of Northaw he had bequeathed £5. In 1686 we find" John Walton, the third son of Thomas and Jane, living at the Blue-house. He appears to have taken an active part in parochial questions, and filled the ofiice of churchwarden when Mr. Robert Tayler's right, as incumbent, to nomi- nate that functionary, was violently assailed. On 17 Sep. 1691 he was elected a Governor of the Barnet Grammar School, where he signed the minute book for the last time 1 Sep. 1712. His will, dated 20 March 1710-1, in which he is described as of London, gent, was proved 12 Jan. 1712-3 by Mary Walton his widow.'' A son and six daughters are mentioned therein, all, with one exception, baptized at Hadley, where he seems to have been last assessed to the rates 10 March 1696-7. The rate book shews that in 1726= and 1728 Simon Tarsey, a pubhcan, rented the Blue-house, but for how long previously we have no means of telling. He was assessed at £40 for the same, and at £36 for New Pond land. Lysons writes that he has been unable to learn anything relating to this estate, subsequently to the death of Sir Roger Wilbraham, beyond its purchase in the last century by admiral Temple West, the son of Richard West, archdeacon
» Married at Northaw 30 Dec. 1653.
■^ Mr. Francis Asty, of London, mercliant, by his will, dated 7 Sep. 1G94 (proved P.C.C. 28 Nov. 1694. Book Box 225), equalizes the distribution of property therein made between his sons, in order "to render to my son Francis some compensac'on for the weall and state which was left to or settled upon my son Ambrose by his grandfather Brunskell at Hadley in Middx. and Northaw in Hertfordshire." The Astys were originally from Suffolk, and the name occurs in the parish register of Market Weston as early as the year 1567, where a benefaction of 6s. 8rf., called " Asty's noble," payable from land once belonging to the family is still given annually in bread to the poor. A tablet in the church of Northaw records the burials of several members "of the family of Asty, of Market Weston in the county of Suffolk, that was sometime of the parish of Northaw." Above the inscription are the arms Bendy of six, arg. and az. Crest a griffin statant, gu. Beneath is the coat Quarterly 1 and 4 arg. on a chev. sa. betw. three pellets, each charged with a martlet of the first, three escallop shells or, within a bordure engr. vert, for Hammond, 2 and 3 as on the top of the monument. Crest out of a ducal coronet an eagle'.s head and wings sa. beaked or, enfiled with a rose gu. the rose issuing rays or. Clutterbuck's Herts, ii. 417. The death is recorded below, 26 Nov. 1850, of General Sir Francis Thomas Hammond of Potters Bar and Whepsted, Suffolk.
" Survey of Enfield Chace in 1686. '' Book Aston 15.
"= Charles Polton, sen. was assessed for Mr. Asty's land, 22 May 1726.
E 2
36 The Parish of Monken Kaille]].
of Berks, by Maria Temple, eldest sister" of lord Cobham and great-aunt of William Pitt, a younger brother of Gilbert'' West of Christ Church Oxford, the translator of Pindar into English verse, who died in 1756. The admiral, who on 6 June 1737, as Temple West gentleman, had contracted a Pleet marriage with Erances daughter of Sir John Balchen knt. admiral of the white and Governor of Greenwich Hospital, was buried at West A¥ickham, 15 Aug. 1757. His will, dated 13 March 1739-40, when he was Commander of H.M.S. Deal Castle, "now riding at Spithead," was proved "^ by his widow 1 Sep. 1757. At this date he was described as vice-admiral of the blue and one of the lords of the admiralty. When Lysons' statement was published, Ludgraves or the Blue- house-farm was in the possession of Jane, the widow of Col. Temple West, second son of the admiral, who died in 1783, aged 43. It afterwards belonged to Archi- bald Paris esq. of Beech-hill -park, and is now the property of Mr. R. C. L. Bevan. Erom Tudor times, at least, it is evident that the better inhabitants of Hadley were mainly drawn, as at the present day is still the case, from the professional and mercantile classes of the metropolis, and that changes both of ownership and of occupation succeeded each other rapidly. Owing to this circumstance the labour of tracing the tenure of the different properties is considerably augmented. Hadley is not mentioned by name in Domesday. It contained, according to Lysons, prior to the inclosure of Enfield Chace, 340 acres, to which, as we have seen, were added 240 of Chace land, making together 580. The last Ordnance Survey gives, however, rather OA^er 641 acres as the area of the parish. In 1831 the population was 979 (Males 417, Eemales 562). As shewn by the census of 1861, there were 204 houses and a population amounting to 1053 (Males 441, Eemales 612). The more recent census of 1871 gave a population of 978 (Males 433, Eemales 545). The number of inhabited houses at this time was 20U, of uninhabited 12, and in course of building 5. According to the Valuation of that date the gross estimated value of property was £5293 15s. OcZ. which in May 1879 had advanced to £6481 19s. Oc?. There is a mixed National School for boys and girls near the pleasant chestnut grove or avenue, at the upper part of the Common, and an Infant School on the Green, both in connection with the Church of England. Owing to its elevated situation the climate is keen in winter, though healthy and, for the same reason, the temperature is rarely oppressive in summer. Mr. Burrows, who was rector in the last century, makes
" Lysons ii. 519. Burke's Landed Gentry. West, of Braywick Lodge
" Biographie Universelle. <: P.C.C. Book Herring 290.
The Parish of Monken Sadley. 37
sundry allusions, in his Diary and Letters, to these characteristics. The soil is chiefly clay, mixed with gravel.
Few early notices of Hadley have survived. An insignificant hamlet, hidden in the forest region of North Middlesex, lay out of the reach of history, and the little that has come down to us would in all prohahility have been less, had it not been for the connection with the important foundation of Walden, to which, as has been already stated, it was granted in 1136 by Geoffrey de Mande- ville, first earl of Essex. This grant was confirmed by King Stephen, and subsequently by Henry II., but in neither document is Hadley specified. In a MS. however, preserved at the British Museum, and purporting to contain a record of the original ^ deed, we meet with the statement, " locum etiam de Hadleia ab Otuela constructs cu suis ptinentijs contulit (sc. to the abbey of Walden) et paduagiu '' de porcis monachor^ in omnibus boscis suis quietum clamavit." The place or building erected at Hadley by Otuela was no doubt the hermitage of the original charter.
Lysons," with a reference to the same MS. affirms that Hadley was formerly a hamlet to Edmonton parish. In a list of the Abbey's possessions is contained " heremitagium de Hadleia infra pochiam de Edelmetona sitii cu terris decimis obuetioib} et ceteris oibus ad eunde locu ptinentibus integre possedimus in hoibus etia terras ibide te"ntibus et xij solidos et sex denar' nobis annuati solvetibus." '' In Domesday we undovibtedly find Mimes included within Edmonton manor as part of the possessions of Geofl^rey de Mandeville and, if this comj)rised the intervening region, the conjecture may not have been wholly unfounded. Ad hoc in (Adelmetone) jacuit et jacet una Berew " quae vocatur Mimes et est appciata cu Manerio.
In Abbot Pentelowe's beautiful chartulary, said to have been compiled in 1387, are contained several deeds, executed by successive bishops of London, confirmatory of Geoff'rey de Mandeville's grant. The church of Hadley is
" Cotton MSS. Vespasian E. vi. f. 26. Liber de fundat. Abbatise de Waldene, co, Essex.
"> Paduagia, pascua. Paduire, pascere animalia. Du Cange, Gloss.
"= Lysons ii. 517.
* Cotton MSS. Vespasian E. vi. f, 55. In an inquisition taken at St. John's Street 3 Oct. 1 Eliz. after the death of William Rolfe on the previous 6 Dec. we find 1 mess. 38 acr. &c. in Hadley ten"' de R. de m" Edmonton p' fidel. Harl. MS. 756 f. 488.
e Berewick, Berewita, Berewichns, Manerium, vel potius membrum manerii a corpore dissitum, villula, hamleta manerii, manerium ad majus pertinens, quasi berier-vic, Saxonice. manerii vicus. Du Cange, Gloss. Berewic, a corn village, Bosworth Anglo Saxon Diet.
38 The Parish of 3Ionke)i Saclley.
expressly referred to in all of tliem. Earliest in point of time is a cliarter emanating from bisliop Gilbert Foliot, the date of which must necessarily have fallen between the years 1163 and 1188. Its purport is the confirmation of twelve churches, that of Hadley being of the number, to Walden Abbey, and it runs as follows : —
Carta Gilbert! Loudon epi cle confirmacione duodeeim eccliar'/ Grilbertus'' dei gracia london epus. Dileetis sibi in dno Ai'chidiaconis decanis et oinibus qui in epatu london consistunt eccliar' p'latis. salutem g'ciam & benedictionem. Suscepti iios cura conionet & compellit officij ut beneficia que ecclijs & ecclesiasticis psonis in nra dioeesi religiosis coutulit fideliu deuocio aut collatura est impost'um in specialem dei & sancte eccHe proteccionem suseipe eis q} p guberuacione & sustentacioue pie eoncessa sunt ppetua stabiiitate comunire debeam"^ proinde ecetias de Walodena de Cliisella & de Haydena de Walth^m de Estra de Hene- feld de Hedelmetona de Mimmes de Norhala de Torleia de Gedelliestuna de Hadlega cu cappellis terris & deeimis & alijs quibuscuq5 ptinencijs que ad eas vel in p'senti ptinent vel in future canoniee ptinebunt Quas quidem monast'io scT Jacobi de Waledena & monacliis ibidem deo servientib} ear'dem fundatores & advocati eccliar' sicut ex autenticis eor' sc'ptis cognovim"^ in ppetuam destinarunt elemosinam ipTs epati concedim"^ & confirmam"^ autoritate Quod quia in dubiu nolumus aut in irritu decetero posse revocari Univsitati ure p'senti se'pto id notificare uriq3 testionio sigilli corroborare curauim"^ Hijs testib3 Kicardo " ai'cliid' Colocestr' magro Waltero de Hardepier Walto' May Eicardo de Saresbir' Eoberto de Clifford Hug' elemosinar' Ludivico clericis epi Phil' decano Rob' de Audebia GiUeb'to de Metting' Mauricio de Sabric- teswrd Willmo capellano de Storteford Godardo capellano de Waledena.
Subsequent confirmations of the same nature by three later bishops, William (1199—1221), Eustace (1221—1228), and Roger (1229—1241),'' only require to be enumerated. It will be enough to note that the names and descriptions of the witnesses appended to the respective instruments enable us to arrive at a tolerably approximate notion of their dates.
In the same chartulaiy are likewise registered the deeds relating to trans- actions between the abbey and certain inhabitants of the different parishes in which its possessions lay. We have here a glimpse of the processes by which its
•-^ Harl. MS. 3697 f. 22.
^ Gilbert Foliot, bishop of Hereford, was transl. to London 24 March 1162-3. He died 18 Feb. 1187-8. Le Neve Fasti Eccl. Angl. vol. ii.
<= Eichard Foliot was archdeacon of Colchester when Gilbert Foliot was bishop of London. Le Neve Fasti Eccl. Angl. vol. ii.
<' William of St. Mary's Church; Eustace de Fauconberge; Roger le Noir, or Niger, de Bileye. Le Neve Fasti Eccl. Angl. ii. 283, 284.
The Parish of Ilonken Hadley. 39
property was gradually acquired, and at the same time become acquainted with the names of some of the persons who owned the soil as early as the reign of Henry III.'' The titles home by the parcels are recorded in some instances, as in the case of Burnildesfeld and Catilinescroft, and it would be of much interest if they could be traced universally in the present nomenclature. Catilinescroft, as we shall presently see, has come down to times comparatively recent, but it unfortunately stands alone, in so far as research has gone hitherto. It is observable, as illustrating the varied origin of surnames, that Richard and Acelina, wife of Stephen le Bray of Barnet, are described in the deeds as the children of Symon Catiline, Symon being their father, Avho had married Catiline, heiress of the lands in question and daughter of William de Cingerie and Acelina.
Hadleya jux" le Barnett.''
Carta Johannis Smallwud fil Burnilde de Hadleya de t'ra q'ndam Burnilde et alijs t'rl et tenenientis et redditibj coneess. monast'io de Walden.
Sciant p'sentes et futuri qd Ego Johannes Smalwude concessi dedi et hac p'senti carta mea confii'maui deo et beate marie et eeclTe sancti Jacobi de Waledena et monachis ibidem dec servien- tib3 f)ro salute aie mee et antecessor' meor' in liberam puram et ppetuam elemosinam totum tenement' cu ptinent' scilicet t'ris redditib3 edifieijs messuagijs planis pasturis vijs semitis & omib} alijs ptinent' quod quidem tenementum tenui de dno Abbate et Conventu de Waledena in pochia de Hadleya. Et dimidiam aeram t're cum ptinent' quam tenui de diio Willfno de Say in eadem uilla que iacet iuxta t'ram Robert! Leyman et abuttat ad unu caput ad parcum de Enefeld et ad aliud ad t'ram p'dicti Eoberti. Et redditum septem denar' cum ptinent' quem Bartholo- meus Cai-ettarius " michi solebat annuatim psolvere ad quatuor anni t'minos videlicet ad fm scT michaelis tres obolos et unu quadrante '' et ad Natale dni tres obolos et unii quadrante et ad
" See infra, p. 41.
" Harl. MS. 3697, f. 208.
>= In a lease granted for life by Abbot Michael (de Mentmore) of St. Alban's to "William atte Peiine and Elena bis wife of messuages and land at Barnet and Southmymmes, at a fixed rent-service, a.d. 1347) we find it recorded that septemdecim acrje terras arabilis & prati jacent inter Le Southawe et terram Johannis Heued, vocatam "Le Newelond," et " Thetcheslond;" qiias qiiondam Bartholomews Carec- tarins et Henricus Geffrey tenuerunt ad voluntatem domini, per virgam. Et dute acrfe jacent inter Le Southawe et terram Johannis filii Henrici Nichole. Et una acra terrse jacet sub Le Eldefolde. Data apud Sanctum Albanum, die Jovis proxima post Festum Sancti Matthire Apostoli, anno regni Regis Edwardi Tertii post Conqujestum, vicesimo primo, Gesta Abbatum Mon. S. Albani. Walsinghara ed. Eiley ii. 327.
'^ Quadrans. Monetas minutioris species apud Anglos, pars quurta denarii. Matthanis Westmon. ann. 1279: Quia denarius findi in duas partes pro obolis, et in quatuor partes pro Quadrantibus con-
40 The Parish of Monken Sadley.
Nativitatem beati Johannis Baptiste tres obolos et unu quadi-aiite pro dimidia acra terre quara de me tenuit in eadem uilla que iacet iuxta p'dictam dimidiam ac^m. Et unam acram t're cu ptinent' quam tenui de dno com' Herefordie in eadem uilla iacent' int' pcum de Enefeld ex una pte" et t'ram dictor' Abbatis et Conuent' de Waledena ex altera. Et unu mesuagiu cu ptinent' in villa de la Barnett'' quod tenui de Stephano de Bray cii omib} ptin' iac' int' mesuagiu p'dicti Stephani ex una pte et mesuag' Golimiggi fFabri ex altera et abuttat ad unu caput ad forQ de la Barnett et ad aliud ad t'ram predicti Stephani et redditum duodecim denar' cum ptinent' quern solebam annuatim pcipe de Xpina Mokul de quodam mesuagio quod tenet de dno Abbate et Conuentu de sancto Albano in eadem uilla. Et quatuor seldas ° quas tenui in eadem uilla de p'dco Abbate et Conuentu cum libertatib3 et omib} alijs ptinent'. Et redditum quatuor solidor' cum ptinent' quem Heysent uxor q°nd''m Gilberti de Wudegate m' solebat annuatim psolvcre ad quatuor anni t'minos videlicet ad festum sancti micbaelis sex denar' & ad Natale dni sex denar' & ad Pascha sex denar' & ad Nativitatem beati Johannis Baptiste sex denar' pro quodam tenemento quod de me tenuit in eadem uilla. Habend' & tenend' totum p'dictu tenementii cij ptinent' & totum p)'dictQ redditij cu suis ptinent' scilicet wardis releuijs eschaetis & omib} alijs ad p'dcm tenementii sive redditii speetantib} p'dictis Abbati & conuentui & eor' successorib} imppiii libere quiete integre bene & in pace faciendo debitu & consuetu p'dictor' tenementor' & reddituu servieiii capitalib} dnis feodor.' In hui^ autem rei testimoniu p'senti se'pto sigillii meii apposui. Hijs testib3 diio Rico de Plessetis milite Willmo de fforda Godefi'ido de ffleg Dauid Ailberij Willo de Welles Reginaldo Blundo Willmo de Melho Johanne Bugecance & alijs.
2. Carta Johannis Smalwude de redditu in foro de la Barnett concess. Thome de Wellis.'*
Sciant p'sentes & fnturi qd Ego Johannes de Smalwude concessi dedi & liac presenti cai'ta mea confirmaui Thome de Welles pro homagio & seruicio suo & p quadam suma pecunie sue quam m dedit in gersumam " totum tenementii qd tenui in foro de la Barnett de feodo dni Abbatis & conuentus de sancto Albano eii oinib} ptinentijs Habend' & tenend' de me & de heredib} meis p'dicto Thome & heredib} suis ul suis assignatis & eor' heredib3 libere quiete bene & in pace &
suevit : ordinatum fuit ad tollendam occasionem defalcationis mouetiT, quod rotundi esseiit deuarii, obeli et Quadrantes. Du Cange.
■'' The property here alluded to most likely lay near the ehurch.
^ Throughout these documents Barnet is always described as le Barnett or la Barnett. The present Bosworth Professor of Anglo Saxon at Cambridge, the Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. says that Barnet is a purely Anglo Saxon word, and, no doubt indicates the scene of some extensive conflagration : — Baernet, a fire, a great burning, pronounced precisely as Barnet is pronounced now. A variation to Bernet, as we often find the name written, would be quite natural as the verb to burn is usually spelled heme in old books.
"= Selda, Taberna mercatoria, a stall. Du Cange.
^ This deed, though relating to Barnet, forms one of the series, in the chartulary, which are concerned with Hadley.
<= Garsummune; a fine or amerciament. Spelman writes it Gersuma. Cowel. Holthouse's Law Diet.
The Varisli of Ilonhen Sadley. 41
hereditar' reddendo inde amiuatim capitalib3 dnis feodi debitum tenementi seruieiu & m & heredib3 meis tria grana pigis scilicet ad pasclm p oniib} seruicijs consuetudinib3 sectis cur' & demandis secular' Et ego p'dictus Johannes & lieredes mei warantizabim^ defendem^ & acquieta- bim^ totum predictum teuementu cu ptin' p'dicto Thome & heredib} suis vel assignatis & eor' heredib} p p'dietum seruieiu cont"" omnes gentes imppm. In hui^ aiitem rei testimoniu p'senti sc'i^to sigillii meii apposui Hijs testib} Thomade la fForde Rio" fil' Jordan' Dauid Ailberij Willtno filio suo Johanne de Lega ctico et alijs.
3. Indentura de cultura que uocaf Burnildesfeld in Hadleya dimiss' Johanni Couhird & Alio' uxori sue ad t'minu vite eordem.
Anno regni Eegis Edwardi filij Regis Henrici octauodecimo conuenit int' diini Willuv' dei gratia Abbatem de Waledena & euisdem loci conuentii ex pte una & Johanne le Couhird & Aliciam uxorem suam ex alt'a videlicet qd p'dicti Abbas & eonuent^ dimiserunt & concesserunt p'dictis Jolianni & Alicie ad t'minu vite eoi'dem vnam culturam terre apud Hadley que uocat Burnildesfeld iacent' infra parcum de Euefelda int' t'rani dictor' religiosor' & t'ram Martini de la Barnett Reddend' inde annuatim dictis viris religiosis octodecim denar' ad duos anni t'minos scilicet ad pascha Noue denar' 8c ad festum sancti Michaelis Nouem denar' pro omib3 consue- tudinib3 & secularib3 demandis salu p'dictis religiosis una secta annuatim ad visum suu franc' pleg' ibidem & emdacione* panis & c'uis' si sup dictu tenementii fuerit furmatu aut braciatum. Et si eontingat dietos Johanne & Aliciam uel eor' alt'um in solucione dicti annul redditus t'minis sup""dictis defic'e licebit dictis religiosis post tres ammoniciones p eodem redditu factas p'dietum tenements i' manus suas cape & sine cont""dietione alicui^ imppin retinere. Et similit' si p'dictam t'ram p'dicti Johannes & Alicia suo tempore a se quoquo alienauerint cii autem de eis humanitus contig'if^ dicta t'l-a ad manus dictor' religiosor' sine aliqua contradictione plene & integre revertaf. In cui^ rei testimoniu huic sc'pto i' modu cirographi '' confecto cui' alt'a ps sigillo comuni dictor' religiosor' signaf sigilla dictor' Johis & Alicie sunt apjjosita.
•■^ Wilham Polley, the 10'" abbot, appointed in 1285, died in 1304. Dugdale iv. 134. The 18 Edw. I. would have been 1300.
'' Emeudatio Panis et Cervisiaj. Jus statuendi pondus panis et mcnsuram cervisire feudovum Doniinis dim in Anglia concessum; unde in qualibet ejusdem regni jurisdictione inferiori etiamnum exstat Ale-taster. Du Cange.
"^ Postquam de me humanitus contigerit. Id est, postquam me mori contigerit. Uu Cange. Huma- nitus si quid mihi aecidisset. Cicero.
'' Anciently, when they made a Chirograph, or deed which required a counterpart, they engrossed it twice upon one piece of parchment contrarywise, leaving a space between, in which they wrote in gi-eat letters the word CHIROGRAPH, and then cut the parchment in two, sometimes even, and sometimes with indenture, through the middle of the word, concluding the deed with, In cujus rei testimonium utraq; pars muiuo scriptis presentibus fide media sigillum suum fecit apponi. The first use of these Chirographs was in Henry the Third's time. Cowel. Holthouse's Law Diet.
F
42 The Parish of llonken Sadley.
4. Littera obligatoria Eogeri filij Godardi & Agnet' uxTs sue qd no petat aliqua escarab'' de octo
ac''s terre & una roda cu ptinent' fact' Abbati de TValeden.
Notum sit omib} p'sentib5 & futuris qd Ego Eog'us filius Godardi de la Hale obligaui me & Agnetem uxorem meam & heredes meos Absalom' *" Abbati de Waldena & eiusdem loci conuentui p p'sentem paginam nulla pet'e escambia de octo ac's & una roda t're cum ptinent i' uilla de Hadleya quani quidem t'ram nobis dederiit & carta sua confirmauerunt & Eegiualdus Rotarius uel aliquis heredu suor' p placitii t'ram p'dictam de nobis possit recupare. In cui^ rei testimoniu pro Agnate uxore mea & heredib} raeis p'sens sc'ptum sigilli mei apposieione duxi roborand' Hijs testib} Bartliolomeo vicario do Enefeld Henrico capellano de Hadleya Symone de Pirho Eeginaldo Blundo magro Willrno Carpentario Roberto Goet Thoma de Wellis Roberto Clerieo de Waleden et alijs. Uat apud Enefeld quarto kl ap'lis Anno dni millimo cc"" xliiii".''
5. Quietclam Johannis le Paum' & alior' de una acra t're & dimidia cii mesuagio & alijs ptinent'
ad Hadleya fact' monast'io de Waleden.
Nouerint vuiu'si hoc sc'ptum visuri uel audituri qd nos Johannes le Paum' de London & Matild' uxor mea Robertus de mymmes & Cristina uxor mea pro nobis & heredib} n'ris remisimus & quietclamauimus deo & beate marie & ecelie sancti Jacobi de Waledena & monachis ibidem deo seruientib} totum ius & clamiu quod habuimus uel habere potuimus in vna acra & dimidia t're cum mesuagio & ofnib3 ptinent' suis quos Ricardus Pogeis pat' dictar' Matild' & Cristine quondam tenuit de dictis monachis ad Hadleyam. Pro hac autem remissione & quietclamacioiie dederunt nobis dieti monachi duas marcas argenti. Et ut hec nostra remissio & quietelamacio p nobis & heredibi n'ris dictis monachis rata stabilis & inconcussa pmaneat imppm p'sens sc'ptu sigillor' n'ror' imp'ssionib} corroborauimus. Hijs testib5 Ricardo de Plesseto Johanne de Marisco Thoma de fforda Sayero de Mymmes Williiio Broun Johanne Blundo '' Roginaldo le Ronx Johanne fil Burwenild David fil Ailberij & multis alijs.
<). Carta Rici filij Symonis Cateline de Hadleya de dimidio mesuag' & iij ac's terre concess'
monast'io de Walden.
Sciant presentes & futuri qd Ego Ricardus filius Simonis Cateline sursum reddidi remisi & omnino quietelamaui pro me & p omife3 heredib} meis imppm deo & beate marie & ecelie sancti Jacobi de Waledena & monachis ibidem deo seruientib} pro salute anime mee & omi antecessor'
" Escambiiim, Permutatio. Gall. Ecliange. Bu Cange.
'' Absalom, abbot of Walden, died in 1'2G3. His predecessor Eoger, the 2"'' of the name, died in 1251. Dngdaleiv. 134.
'■ This date is not in agreement with that of Absalom's abbacy, unless Dngdale be in error. See preceding note.
'' Blundus = Blondns, color capillorum flavus, qui nostris Blond. Du Cange.
The Parish of Monhen JIadley. 43
& successor' meor' & p quacl"m suma peciiiiie quam dicti monaclii in dederunt p^ manib3 totum ius & clamiu quod habui uel aliquo modo habere potui in dimidio mesuagio & t'bus ac's t're adjacentib3 ex pte austri cu omib3 ptinent' scilicet sef)ib5 fossatis pasturis & grauis & t'bus denariat' annui redditus quE redditum Juliana fil. Walteri Quic fn solebat annuatim psolv'e quam quidem t'ram & dimid' raesuagiu Cateliua mat' mea aliqii tenuit de dictis monacbis in pochia de Hadlej'a Ita scilicet qd nee Ego nee beredes mei nee aliquis p me nee pro me in dicto tenemento cii ptinent' p'dictis sive in dicto redditu aliquid iuris vel clamij decet'o exig'e vel uendicare pot'imus impiii Vt autem hec remissio & quietaclamaco gpetue firmitatis robur obtineat presens sc'ptum sigilli mei imp'ssione roboravi Hijs testib} Thoma de Welles Thoma de Dmiham Rog'o Quic Roberto Rotario Roberto Smalhat Johe Smalwud Henr' de Welles Johanne de Lega & alijs.
7. Quietclam Cateline fil. Willini de Cingerie de vno mesuag' & vi ac's t're in villa de Hadleia c'cess monast'io de Waledeii.
Nouerint vniu'si hoc scriptu visur' uel audituri qd Ego Catelina fil. Witti de Cingerie in pura uiduitate & legitima potestate mea remisi & quietclamaui Abbati & conventui de Waledena totum ius & clamiii quod habui uel habere potui in mesuagio & sex ac's t're adiacentib3 cu ptin' i' villa de Hadleya quas Acelina mat' mea quondam tenuit de dictis Abbate & conuentu. Ita qd nee ego decet'o aliquid iuris in dicto tenemento pot'o uendicare In cuius rei testimoniii p'sens sc'ptu sigilli mei imp'ssione corroboraui Hijs testib} Sayro de Mymmes Willmo de Onelade Gregorio de Wrobbeley Dauid Ailbery Johanne le Bor Regin' le Roux Johanne de Smalwode & multis alijs.
8. Carta Stephani le Bray & Aceline ux'is eius filie Simon Cateline de Hadleya de dimidio mesuag' & trib} ac's t're in pochia de Hadleya concess' monast'io de Waldefi.*
Sciant p'sentes & ftituri qd Ego Stephanas Bray & Acelina uxor mea & filia Symonis Cateline sursum reddidimus remisimus & oifio quietelamauimus p nobis & p omib3 heredib} n'ris imppm deo & beate marie & eccUe sancti Jaeobi de Waledena & monachis ibidem deo seruientib} p salute aiar' n'rar' & oini antecessor' & successor' n'ror' & pro quadam summa pecunie quam dicti monachi nobis dederunt p' manib} totum ius & clamiu quod habuimus uel aliquo modo habere potuimus in dimidio mesuagio & t'bus acris t're adiacentib3 ex pte aquilonis cum ofnib} ptinent' scilicet sepib} fossatis pasturis & grauis & t'bus denariat' annui redditus quem redditu Juliana filia Walt'i Quic nobis solebat annuatim psoluere quam quidem t'ram & dimidiQ mesuagiu dicta Catelina aliquando tenuit de dictis monachis in pochia de Hadleya. Ita scilicet qd nee nos nee heredes n'ri nee aliquis p nos nee p nobis in dicto tenemento cum ptinent' p'dictis sive in dicto redditu aliquid iuris uel clamij decet'o exig'e uel vendicare pot'imus imppm. Vt autem hec remissio & quiet- clamacio ppetue firmitatis robur optineat p'sens sc'ptum sigiUor' n'ror' imp'ssione roborauimus
■'' Evidently the same property to wbicli the charter of her brother Richard refers, supra N° 6.
F 2
44 The Parish of 3Ionl-en Kadley.
Hijs testib} Thoma de Welles Tlioma de Dnnliani Rog'o Quic Roberto Eotario Eoberto Smalhat Johanne Smalwud Henr' de Welles Johanne de Lega & alijs.
9. Obligacio Stepliani Braj & uxoris eiiis ne alienarent t'ram qua tenent in Hadlcya sine licencia Abbatis.
Nouerint vniu'si hoc sc'ptum visur' uel auditur' qd Ego Steplianus le Bray de la Barnett & Aeelina uxor mea filia Symonis Cateline eoneessimus & hoc p'senti sc'pto nos pro nobis & heredib} n'ris obligauimus qd t'ram quam a dfio Abbate & conuentu de Waleden recepimus in uiUa de Hadleya p't'q^m domui de Walederi dare nendere legare seu qnoeuq} mode alienare no pot'imus nee in dicta t'ra uel boseo cu ptiuent' vastum extirpacone sive aliquam destructione sine bona uoluntate dictor' Abbis & conuentus facere ualebimus si ipam t'ram cum bosco & ptinent' habere uoluerunt. In cuius rei testimoniu huic sc'pto sigilli mei imp'ssione apposuimus. Hijs testibj Saero de mymmes Johanne le Blunt Roberto de la Hale Galfrido Thorkil Johanne le Bore Regin' le Roux & multis alijs.
10. Carta Reginald! de Hadleya de duab} ac's t're i' uilla de Hadleya concess' monaeh'
de Waled.
Omnibus Xpi fidelib} ad quos pi'sens sc'p)tum puenerit Reginaldus de Hadleya elericus salutem in dfio Nouerit vniuersitas v'ra me p salute anime mee & omii an' cesser' & successor' meor' con- cessise dedisse & hac p'senti carta mea confirmasse deo & sancte marie & sancto Jacobo de Waledena & monachis ibidem deo seruientib] duas acras t're mee i' villa de Hadleya cu ounh; ad easdem ptinentib} quar' ^•nli caput abuttat sup grauam Robti de Leya & aliud caput sup grauam Kat'ine de Leya in liberam pura & ppetua elemosina sicut unq^m aliqua elemosina melius uel liberius concedi uel dari pt Ut autem hec mea concessio donacio et carte mee p'sentis confirmaeio ppetue iirmitatis robur obtineat p'senti sc'pto sigillu raeii apposui Hijs testib} Ricardo de Barbeflee Henr° Janitore Dauid fil Aylberti Reginaldo Rotario ^^alt'o Wyck Rado Wombe Johanne fil Burnilde & alijs multis.
11. Quietclamac' Edithe fil Reginaldi Gler' de Hadleya sup iur' quod huit in terr' et tenefntis concess' monast'io de Walden in Hadleya et Barnet.
!;ciaut p'sentes & futuri qd Ego Editha filia Reginaldi Clerici concessi & relaxaui & oino quietclamaui in viduitate mea & in ligia potestate mea deo & beate marie & ecclie saucti Jacobi de Waledena & monachis ibidem deo seruientib5 p salute anime mee totum ius & clamiu quod habui uel aliquo modo habere potui in t'ris & redditib) & ofnib} alijs que occasioue dicti q''ndam Reo-inaldi iiatris mei et Rogeri Ruffi q''ndam mariti mei michi accidere poti'int in pochia de Hadleya & la Barnett sine aliq° retenemento mei uel heredii meoi-' sine assignator' in puram et ppetua elemosinam Habend' & tenend' dictis monachis & eor' successorib3 imppni libere quiete bene & in pace. Et ego p'dicta Editha et heredes mei warantizabimus defendemus & acquieta- bimus predictis monachis et eor' successorib3 totam p'dictam tcrram & redditu cu omib} ptinent'
The Parish of Ilonken Madley. 45
p'dictis cont" omnes homies & feminas imppm. Et \\i hec mea concessio relaxacio & quiet- clamacio ppetue firmitatis robur obtineat p'senti sc'pto sigillum meum apposui. Hijs testib} Dauid Aylberii de Enefeud Willnio Pistore Johanne de Templo Mauricio Pistore Eobto Rotario de Hadleya Eog'o Quic de eadem Jolianne Higte Johanne Osemund " & alijs.
12. Quietclam" Gu'nilde filie Regin' de Hadleya de graua ibidem dat' monaehis de Waledeii.
Notum sit omibus hoc sc'ptum visuris uel audituris qd ego Gunnilda fiha Reginaldi de la Haya remisi & quietclamaui de me & heredib} meis deo & beate marie & sancto Jacobo de Waledena & monaehis ibidem deo seruientib) totum ius & clamiu quod habui uel habere potui in toto tenemento in vno mesuagio & una graua que consueui tenere de p'dictis monaehis ex dono Reginaldi p'dicti patris mei in villa de Hadlej'a cum oinib} libertatib3 & eschaetis que conting'e possunt & cum omib} ptinent' in pratis pascuis vijs semitis & in oinib} alijs locis sine ullo retenemento. Tenend' & habend' in liberam puram et ppetuam elemosinam. Pro hac autem remissione & quietclamacione dedeft michi p'dicti monachi viginti quatuor solidos st'lingor'. Et ut hec mea remissio & quietaclamacio rata sit & stabilis p'sens sc'ptum sigilli mei imp'ssione corroboraui. Hijs testibus Domino Seero de mymmes Willmo de Onladc Johanne le Blunt Johanne le Bor Reginaldo Rotario Roberto de la Hale Galfrido Thurkill & alijs.
13. Carta Agnetis de Leya de una pecia t're continent' spacia duar' pticar in latitudine i' Hadleya concess' monast'io de Walderi.
Omnib} Xpi fidelib} p'sentib} & futuris Agnes de Leya salutem in dfio Nou'it vniu'sitas v'ra mo pro salute anime mee & oiTii an'cessor' & successor' meor' concessisse dedisse & hac p'senti carta mea confirmasse deo & sancte marie & sancto Jacobo de Waledena & monaehis ibidem deo seruientib} vnam peciam terre mee in villa de Hadleya continente spaciii duar' pticar' in latitudine que iacet iuxta sepe ex pte orientali-& abuttat ad vnii caput sup t'ram dictor' monachor' v'sus aquilone & aliud caput sup t'ram que fuit Reginaldi clerici v'sus austru. Habend' & tenend' in liberam puram & ppetuam elemosina sicut umq'^m aliqua elemosina melius uel liberius concedi iiel dari pt. Vt autem hec mea concessio donacio & huius carte mee confirmacio ppetuu robur obtineat p'sente pagina sigilli mei imp'ssione corroborare curaui Hijs testib3 Rico de Barbeflee Henrico Janitore Dauid filio Aylbti Reginaldo Rotario Walto Wyck Radulpho Womb Johe fil. Burnilde & multis alijs.
14. Septum Albrede de duabus acris terre in Hadleya concess' monach' de Walden.
Omnib} Xpi fidelib3 ad quos ji'sens sc'ptQ puenerit Albreda de Hadleya salute in dno Xouerit vniu'sitas vra me pro salute aie mee & omi an'cessor' & successor' meor' concessisse dedisse & hac present! carta mea confirmasse deo & sancte marie & sancto Jacobo de Waledeiia & monaehis
" The name of Osmond is still met with in the nciq-hbourhood.
46 The Farish of Monken Hadleij.
ibidem deo seruientib3 duas acras terre mee i' villa de Hadleya cum omib5 ad eas ptinentib} que iaceut iuxta mesuagiii meu & abuttant sup terram Abbatis de Waledena ex pte orientali. Habend' & tenend' in libera pura & ppetua elemosinam sicut uuq"'m aliqua elemosina melius uel liberius concedi uel dari pt. Ego xi° Albreda & heredes mei Warantizabimus p'dictam elemosina p'no- mi'atis monacbis & eam defendemus cont'' omnes homies & feminas. Vt autem hec mea concessio donaeio & carte mee p'sentis confirmacio ppetue firmitatis robur obtinent p'sentem paginam sigilli mei imp'ssione corroboraui Hijs testib) Rico de Barfle" Hem-ico Janitore Dauid fil. Alberti Regi- naldo Rotario Walto' Quic Rad' Wombe Job' fil Burnilde & alijs.
15. Se'ptum indentatum Johannis Wedon de crofta t're uocat' Catelinescroft in pochia de Hadleya sibi concess' ad feodi firmam p s'uic' quatuor solidor' & vj denar' annuatim Abbati & eon- uentui soluend'.
Uniuersis Xpi fidelib3 boc se'ptum visuris uel audituris Audr^ *" pmissione diuina Abbas de Waledena & eiusdem loci conuentus salutem i' diio. Sciatis qd cii nup concessimus & ad firmam tradidimus Jolianni de Wedon del Barnett quand^m croftam uocat' Catelinecroft ^ in pochia de Hadleya p quadraginta annos sibi heredib} sive assignatis suis tenend' p seruiciu quatuor solidor' & sex denar' annuatim soluend' & sectam ad cur' dietor' relig' apud Hadley releniu & beriettii cum acciderit prout in quad' indentura int' nos & eundem Jobanne confecta plenius eon- tinetur qua quidem concessione & tradieione ratificamus p p'sentes Prete'a concessimus pro nobis & successorib} nris ad feodi firmam p'dicto Jobanni heredib} sine assignatis suis tenere & habere p'dictam croftam de nobis & successorib} nris ad feodi firmam imppin. ffaciendo & reddendo
" Eicardus de Barfle is called Ricardus Barflete and Henricus Janitor, Henry Porter, in certain deeds relating to Enfield in the same MS.. Harl. MS. 3697, f. 180.
"> Abbot Andrew is not mentioned in Dugdale, iv. 134. William Polley, 10th abbot, died in 1S04, and abbot William is mentioned in 1359.
■^ Croft, in conveyances, signifies a small piece of land or ground. Holthouse. The designation of Catiline field has been retained until a late date, and must have referred to a part of the parish situated to the rear of the house formerly called the White Bear. On 23 July, 1650, Michael Grigge, of Hadley, esq. and others, bargain and sell to Edward Nicholls, of South Mimms, yeoman, " a messuage known by the name or signe of y'= White Beare, in Hadley, now in the tenure of Richard Timberlake, abutting upon the shire ditch or com'on shoare (sewer) between Barnet and the county of Midds. on the south." One of the parcels is said to have abutted upon a garden occupied by William Dry on the west and on a field called Catiline field on the north. On 1 Sep. 1704, John Nicholls of Knightsland, son of Edward, mortgaged the same. The White Bear was then in the occupation of William Parme, and Catiline field continues to be spoken of, as well as in subsequent deeds, at least as late as the year 1781. The house, now called Boundary House, for some years past a chemist's shop, is the last in Hadley parish on the eastern side of the High Street. Until recently it was an inn, bearing the sign of the New Salisbury Arms, but almost within living memory was still designated the White Bear.
The Parish of Ilonken Hadley. 47
nobis totum annuii reclditu & seruic' p'nomi'at' salu eciam raconabil' chemin'" ad fugand"' & cariand' ° cum libero introitu & exitu offiib} teniporib3 anni pro uoluntate nra a regia via upq5 ad boscum nfm ibidem. Et iios & suecessores iiri p'dictam croftam p'dicto Johanni her' sine assignatis suis eont" omnes gentes in forma p'dieta warantizabimus. In cuius rei testioiiiu ^ti huius indentm-e reman' jienes p'dem Johanne sigillu nrm coe p'sentib) est appensu & pti penes nos residenti sigillii dicti Joins est appens'. Dat' apud Waleden' vicesimo die Novembr' Anno regni Regis Edwardi t'cij a eonquestu sexto.
THE MANOE.
The great abbey of Walden was surrendered in 1538 and, with the manor of Hadley, which had continued to form a part of its possessions, was granted, 14 March 1538-9,'' to Sir Thomas Audley knt.,'' then Chancellor, in compensation, as he alleged, " for having in this world sustained great damage and infamy for serving the King." These expressions may have had reference to the share assigned to him in the proceedings against Queen Anne Boleyn. He was one of the special commission appointed to try her supposed accomplices and was present on the scaffold, by the King's desire, on the day of her execution.'^ The terms of the grant included totum nup monast'ium nrm de Walden in com Essex — necnon man'm nrm de hadley cum ptiii in com Midd. ac U'corias & ecclias de Edelmeton Enfeld et Southmymes &c p'dco nup monastic ptinen. It is observable that no mention is made of the church or, as it is styled at this period, free chapel of Hadley ; from which we may conclude that it was regarded simply as an appendage of the manor. Sir Thomas Audley, created by letters patent, dated 29 Nov. 1538, baron Audley of Walden, died 19 Apr. 1544, aged 56, without heirs male,^
^ Chemim^s, via, iter, Fr. chemin. Du Caiige.
•• Fugare, venari Fr. cliasser. Du Cange. A reservation of the right of chace.
" Carfare, carro vehere. Fr. charier. Du Cange.
« Patent Rolls, 30 Hen. VIII. pt. 5. March 14, at Eecord Office. Letters patent, dated 12 Jan. 31 Hen. VIII., teste meipso at Westminster, in confii'mation of the previous grant to Thomas Audeley, knt. lord Audeley, and Elizabeth his wife. Trin. Eec. 3 Edw. VI. rot. 26. Lysons ii. 518.
■= The son of Geoffrey Audley of Earl's Colne. The following entry occurs in the Burgesses' Oath book at Colchester: "a. d. 1516, Thomas Audley Gen. natus in Colne Comitis in com. Essex, Burgens." Nicolas' Historic Peerage. Burke's Extinct Peerage.
' Froude ii. 484, 503.
s Thomas How.ird 4"' duke of Norfolk, eldest son of Henry Howard, K.G. the celebrated Earl of Surrey, married 2"*"'' Margaret dau. and heir of Thomas, lord Audley of Walden. His eldest sou by her, lord Thomas Howard, was summoned to parliament 24 Oct. I.'i97 as baron How.ird de Walden, and cr. Earl of Suffolk in 1603. He built the mansion of Audley End.
48 The Parish of llonken lEadley.
when his title became extinct. According to his own desire he was buried in a chapel which he had erected at Saffron Walden, where a splendid monument was raised to him.°^
Subsequent dealings with the manor are a little intricate. Lysons states that lord Audley re-surrendered it to the King four years after the original grant and, on the authority of Pat. EoUs 4 and 5 Ph. and M. pt. 14. m 41. June 29, that it was granted by Queen Mary, in 1557, to Sir Thomas Pope, the founder of Trinity College Oxford, but at a previous date there is evidence of the Goodere family having possessed an interest in it. Tn his will ' of 15 Dec. 1546, 38. Hen. VIII. Prancis Goodere esq. imposes a condition upon his younger son Thomas, that quietly and without any molestation and interruption he permit and suffer William Stanford esq. his heirs and assigns to have hold and enjoy the manor of Hadley and the parsonage of South Mimms Avith their appurtenances in the county of Middlesex. On 3 Dec. 1538 Joan or Jane Wroth widow, his mother,'' had pre- sented pro hac vice to the vicarage of South Mimms. William Staunford, esq. on 15 March 1553, and Alice Staunford wido\v, on 31 March 1558, presented to the same.
William Staunford, Stamford, or Stanford, — we meet with the name in each form,''— the son of William Staunford, of London, mercer, by his wife Margaret Gedney,'' and grandson of Robert Staunford of Rowley in Staffordshire, was born at Hadley, where his father had purchased lands, 22 Aug 1509.'^ Having been educated at Oxford, and being afterwards called to the bar at Gray's Inn, he rose to eminence in his profession and wrote several law treatises held in estimation. In 1545, 36 Hen. VLII. he was Attorney General, and on 17 Oct. 1552 was advanced to the dignity of a " serjeant of the coyffe,"" to which, according to
a The site of Walden Abbey was near tlie great pond, at Audley End, by the bowling-green, where foundations and bones have been disinterred. Dugd. Mon. iv. 138 ; Morant, Hist, of Essex ii. 548.
" P.C.C. Book Alen 45.
<: Jane Hawte, after the death of her first husband Thomas Goodere, in 1518, had married Eobcrt Wroth of Durants, Enfield, who died 27 Hen. VIII.
* Eobert, son of William, signs himself Staunford. On the monumental tablet in Hadley church the spelling is Stamford.
" The will of Margaret Stamford, late of London, widow, dated 19 Oct, 1541, was proved P.C.C. 7 Dec. 1542. (Book Spert 13.) She desires to be buried in the parish church of Islington, in the south aisle, beneath the same stone as her father.
f Wood's Ath. Oxon. i. 262; Fuller's Worthies, Middlesex ii. 323.
s Machyn's Diary, Camden Soc. Pub. 1848, p. 27.
The Farish of Monken Maclley. 49
Strype," he had been nominated in the preceding May. In 1553 he was made queen's serjeant, and acted in that capacity at the memorable trial, 17 Apr. 1554, of Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, for complicity in Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion." The prisoner, on this occasion, defended himself so resolutely and confronted the charges laid against him with so much dexterity and skill, that the jury, notwith- standing pressure brought to bear upon them, returned a verdict of acquittal.'' On being nominated one of the judges of the Common Pleas he was among " the Knyghtes mayde by King Philip in his chambre upon Sunday the xxvijth of January in an. 1554.'"' It is reported that he Avas a zealous Roman Catholic, and perhaps owed his advancement to this circumstance.
In the Order of the Lady Elizabeth's Grace's Voyage to the Court, appointed to commence from Ashridge on Monday 12 Peb. 1553-4, the day of Lady Jane Grey's execution, it had been prescribed that she should reach Sir Thomas Pope's, at Tyttenhanger, on Tuesday and sleep at Mr. Staunford's, a distance from that place of seven miles, on Wednesday.* There can be little doubt but what this referred to his residence at Hadley. Owing, however, to indisposition, real or feigned, she did not begin her journey until the 18th, and selected other halting places than those originally marked out for her. The peril which she was pre- paring to encounter was no slight one, and it is likely that both Pope and Staun- ford would be well affected towards the Court. Carried in a litter sent for her by Ihe Queen she reached Mr. Dodde's at North-Mimms-park on the third day of her journey and Mr. Cholmely's at Highgate on the fourth, thus avoiding Hadley. Here, notwithstanding, it is most probable that she rested on a later, and even more memorable occasion, — an occasion as bright with promise as the other was overshadowed by apprehensions. Mary died on Thursday 17 Nov. 1558 and the next day Sir Thomas Gresham and Cecil proceeded to Hatfield. By Saturday night, says Proiide, the Privy Council, with every statesman of any side or party of name or note, had collected at that place. On Sunday Elizabeth gave her first reception in the hall. Two days later the Court removed to London. This must have been on Tuesday the 22, on which night it may be assumed that the new Queen slept at Hadley, perhaps at the house of Sir William Staunford's widow, for Henry Machyn, already quoted, writes in his diary : " The xxiij day of
» Strype M. ii. 7. " Strype M. ii. 1, 554; M. iii. 2, 117.
"= Froude's Hist. vi. 218.
" Machyn, p. 342. Harl. MS. G,064, f. SO"; Cotton MSS. Claudius, c. iii. f. 192.
" Strickland's Lives iv. 74, 75.
G
50 The Farish of Monkeii Hadley.
November tlie Queeu Elsabeth('s) grace toke here gorney from Hadley beyond Barnett toward London, unto my Lord North(s') plase (the Charterhouse), with a M and mor of lordes, knyghtes, and gentyllmens lades and gentyllwomen ; and ther lay V days."
Sh" William Staunford purchased the manor of Handsworth, near Birmingham, of Sir John St. Leger, knt. As old Fuller quaintly expresses it, — " There is a spirit of retraction of one to his native country, which made him purchase lands, and his son settle himself again, in Staffordshire."" According to Anthony a Wood, his descendants were still living in that and the adjoining county of Warwick at the close of the following century. He had issue sis sons and four daughters, and died 28 Aug. 1558, having just completed his 49th year. Directions were given in his will'' that his body should be interred in one of the parish churches of Islington, Hadley, or Handsworth, and on Sep. 1 he was buried at Hadley. An entry in Machyn's Diary records that " the same day was
bered beyond Barnet [ju]g6 Stamford, knyght, with standard, cotte
armour, penon of arms, elmett, targett, sword, and the mantylles ; and iiij dozen of skachyous, and ij dozen of torchys, and tapurs ; and Master Somerset the harold of armes."" These insignia still hung suspended in Hadley clmrch when it was visited by Nicholas Charles, Lancaster herald, in 1608.'^ The armorial bearings of Staunford of Hadley and Staffordshire appear to have been granted 2May<= 1542. (Arg. three bars az. on a canton or a fesse sa. in chief three mascles of the last. Crest. A gauntlet or, grasping a broken sword arg. hilt and pommel sa.) There were likewise existing in the church at the same time the escutcheons of his daughter Anne, who died young, with the inscription, " Here lyeth Anne Stamford, daughter of William Stamford and of Alice his wife, which deceased in the moneth of February, 1551," and of dame Alice his widow, daughter of John Palmer of Middlesex, who died in 1573. Attached to the latter
a Worthies, Middlesex ii. 323.
" Dated 4 Apr. 1558, and proved by dame Alice, P.C.C. 11 Oct. 1558 (Book Noodes 53). He men- tions his three daughters, Dorothy, Katharine, and Margaret, not yet of age, and four sons, William, Henry, Ealph, and John. Ealph Stanford, from Oxford, was ordained priest at the English College at Douai in Dec. 1584 and sent into England, in messem Anglicanam, 28 Jan. 1586. The college, founded in 1568, by Dr. Allen, was suiaplied with pupils by refugees from Oxford and the Grammar Schools, and its " seminary priests" began to pass over into England in 1576. 1^' and 2"'* Diaries of the English College, Douay. T. F. Knox, D.D. 12, 30, 192, &c. History of the English People, ii. 407.
■= " Septemb. initio, Judge Stamford was buried at a town beyond Barnet." Strype M. iii. 2, 117.
4 Lansd. MS. 874, f. 56. ^ Burke's General Armoury.
The Fmnsh of Ilonken Hadley. 51
was the coat of Staunford impaling Palmer, 1 and 4, Sa. a trefoil slipped in chief arg. above two mullets or, a bordure engr. of the last ; 2. Harthill. Barry of six arg. and vert; 3. Cotton. Gu. a bend cotised betw. six martlets or."
In the year 1575 William Dodde of North Mimms and Katharine his wife aliened the manor of Williotts '' in South Mimms to Robert Staunford, of Perry Hall in Staffordshire, eldest son and heir of Sir "William, who again conveyed it in 1594 to Robert Taylor, his kinsman, and Elizabeth his wife. We have no evidence of Robert Staunford having resided at South Mimms, but the register of that parish contains the baptisms of Anne (22 Aug. 1591) William (10 Jan. 1594) and Robert (15 Sep. 1598) Staunforde, who were probably the children of Edward his eldest son. Robert Staunford of Perry Hall, born 31 Jan. 1539, was knighted at Whitehall 23 July 1603," previous to the coronation of James I. and died 20 March 1606-7."
Sir William Staunford' s widow married, secondly, Roger Carew esq. of Hadley, and on 4 July 1573, 15 Eliz. the manor and free chapel of Monken Hadley were held by one Thomas Smalwood to him and his heirs of the Queen in caplte to the use of the said Roger and Alice during the life of the said Alice. She died at Hadley, and was there buried 3 Nov. 1573." It would appear that the premises were then conveyed to Robert Staunford, her eldest son, without the royal licence having been first obtained, but this oversight was pardoned and, on the 20. of the same month, (20 Nov. 16. Eliz.) they were by him aliened to William Kympton senr. citizen and merchant tailor of London, and Robert Kympton one of his sons, who shortly afterwards acquired seisin of the same.* The licence of aliena- tion expresses " all that manor and demesne of Monken Hadley, otherwise Hadley, in the county of Middlesex, with all and singular the rights members, and appur- tenances, together with a free chapel called Monken Hadley (unam libam capellam vocat' monken hadley) and all lands belonging to the same or by reputation part
" Lansd. MS. 874, f. 56. Harl. MS. 6,072.
b Lysons v. 228. Hist, of South Mimms, 38, 39.
<= Cotton. MSS. Claud, c. iii. f. 244".
« There is a pedigree of the family in Rev. Stebbiug Shaw's Hist, of Staffordshire, ii. 108, 109, with MS. notes by Samuel Pipe Wolferstan of Statfold. Br. Mus.
e Monumental inscription in Hadley church. Pat. Rolls. 16 Eliz. pt. 13, m. 11. Nov. 20. Licen' alienand' p' Rob'to Staunford armig'o. Lord Treasurer's Remembrancers of Exchequer, Memoranda. Hil. 16 Eliz. Rotulo 41. De Willielmo et Roberto Kympton occasionatis ad ostendendum quo Titulo tenent Manerium de Hadkigh Monachomm, in comitatu Middlesex.
g2
52 TJie Farisli of Ilonhen Kadley.
and parcel of the same and one messuage or tenement with a furnace for making bricks, Anglice a tile kiln, and all lands, containing by estimation twelve acres of land or thereabouts, which Thomas Lee holds or lately held by a lease from the aforesaid Ilobert Stauuford, situate and being in the aforesaid parish of Hadley and nosv in the tenure of the said Thomas Lee, by virtue of a lease to him given to that effect for forty-one years at an annual rent of £3. 6. 8 and two capons and two hens, likewise one messuage or tenement with the appurtenances in Hadley aforesaid called the Yicarage-house and all those parcels of land situate and lying in the parish of Southmyms in tiie said County of Middlesex called and commonly known by the name of Pynchbank " containing by estimation 14 acres be the same more or less now in the tenure of Robert Holowey gent, by virtue of a lease for 17 years yet to come or thereabouts made to him of the same messuage called the Vicarage at an annual rent of £1. 6. 8 and of the same parcels of land called Pynchbank at an annual rent of £2. 13. 4 And also all that messuage house or tenement with orchard gardens backsides (et lez backsides) and other aj)purtenances and all lands tenements and hereditaments in the said parish of Hadley now in the tenure of George Lole by virtue of a lease to that effect granted to him by the aforesaid Robert Staunford for 21 years at an annual rent of £1. 6. 8 likewise all that messuage or tenement with the backsides of the same containing by estimation two acres of land with all other the appurtenances in the said parish of Hadley now in the tenure of Gregory Dyett or his assigns by virtue of a lease to him granted to that effect for 19 years yet to come or thereabouts at an annual rent of £1. 6. 8 and all that tenement and an acre and a half of land in Hadley aforesaid now in the occupation of Richard Shad situated within the same manor And also one other messuage and tenement and 3 acres of land there in the occupation of the relict of Hugh Nightingale and one other
messuage and tenement and 3 acres of land there in the occupation of Fyl-
larye and all that half part moiety and purpart of and in one tenement and rood
of land be the same more or less in Hadley aforesaid occupied by Johnson
and all that parcel of land there held by Bellamye and all that cottage and the backsides there in the parish of Hadley aforesaid in the said county of Middlesex in the occupation of Robert Craute and the reversion and reversions rents out-
a Mentioned in the will of Mr. Jolin Howkins, of Soutli Mimms, proved P.P.C. 0 Nov. 1678 (Book Reeve 12G), as his dwelling-house called Pinchbank, in South Mimms parish. He was churchwarden of Hadley in 1669. " 8ara, wife of John Howkins sen. gent, of Birchbanke" was bur. at Hadley 12 July 1660. Par. Reg.
The Parish of Monken Sadley. 53
goings and profits of the aforesaid manor and of all and singular other the pre- misses and all and singular other manors messuages lands tenements rents reversions and hereditaments which the said E-obert Staunford hath or ought to have in possession reversion or remainder in the parish of Hadley aforesaid except the moiety of a field there called Catlyn field &c. To have and to hold &c. to the said William and Uohert Kympton to the sole and proper benefit and use of the same for ever. At Westminster 20. Nov."
William Kympton was the 5th son of William Kympton of Weston co. Hert- ford.'* On 20 July 1559 he was appointed a trustee under the will*^ of his elder brother Edmund Kympton gent, of Weston and Clothall, and guardian of his infant children. As mentioned in the records of the Merchant Tailors' Company, he " brought great trouble upon himself, in the year 1562, for having, contrary to the ordinances, called Stephen Misney, a ' brother of this mystery,' a crafty boy. For this misdemeanour he was fined 40s. and not having so much with him, he leaves a gold ring with the master in pawn as security for the amount.'"' On Tuesday, 16 Eeb. 1573, he was elected alderman of Portsoken Ward,** but after- wards transferred to Bread Street.'' He served the office of sheriff in 1576,^ but was never Lord Mayor. On Tues. 26 Oct. 27 Eliz. he relinquished the alder- manic gown at his own request, on paying the sum of £200 ; which fine was subsequently " remitted and pardoned," Thurs. 13 Jan. 28. Eliz."
On 3 April 1574, the year following his acquisition of the manor of Hadley, he received a grant of Arms from Robert Cooke Clarenceux : — Az. a pelican vulning herself betw. three fleurs-de-lis or. Crest : A demi-goat erm. horned and
^ Harl. MSS. 1546, f. 144; 1547, f. 56".; 1-551, f. 64.
■> Proved P.C.C. 19 June 1560 by Thomas Upton, attorney of Lucie Kympton the relict, sole executrix. Book Mellerche 36.
"= Entries in the Merchant Tailors' Eecords, as quoted in the " History of Merchant Tailors' School," p. 190, note. Arundell, p. 166.
« Rep. 18, £f. 157, 158. Town Clerk's Office, Guildhall.
Martis xvj*° die ffebruarij, 1573.
It'm at this com-te my Lorde maio'' p'sented unto this courte these names ensueinge viz. .J(jhn Hardinge, Salter, Martyn Caltrope, drap"", Will'm Kympton m'chauntt' & Eichard Peacock leather seller heretofore named by thinhabitants of the warde of portesoken, to thintent that one of the same accordinge to thauncyent custome of the citie might be elected by the courte to be Alderman of the same warde of portesoken, where upon by scruttany accordinge to the custome M'' Will'm Kymptou m'chauntt"^ was by this courte elected to be Ald'r'an of the same warde of portesoken. It'm at this courte M"^ Will'm Kympton m'chauntf^ accordinge to the elecc'on afforesaid was sworue Alderman of the warde of portesoken.
-= Eep. 20 f. 94'>. f B. B. Orridge. s Eep. 21 ff. 226". 253".
54
The Parisli of Monhen Sadleij.
hoofed or, collai-ecl and chained sa. The grant describes him as "Lorde of Monken Hadley, and now Alderman of the Citie of London." The original is in the Britisli Museum," and the quaint phraseology of the Heralds' College in the reign of Elizabeth is perhaps worthy of reproduction.
To all and singular aswell Nobles and Gentills as others to whom these presentes shall come Robert Cooke Esquier alias Clarencieulx principall Here- hault and Kinge of Armes of the south este and west partes of this Eealme of England from the River of Trent sowthwards sendith greeting in oure Lord God everlastinge.
Beinge credibly enformed that William Kimpton Lorde of Monken Hadley in the Countie of Middle- sex esquier and now alderman of this citie of London hath longe continued in vertue and in all his affaires hath so well and worthelie behaved himself that he hath well merited and is worthie from henceforth to be in all places of honor and worship with others renouned accepted and taken into the number and fellowship of other auncient gentilmen.
Eor remembrance wherof I the saide Claren- cieulx Kinge of Armes by power and aucthoritie vnto my office annexed and graunted by letters patentes vnder the greate scale of England have devised assigned gcven and graunted vnto and for the said William Kimpton esquier the armes and creaste hereafter following. That is to say asur a Pellicane betwen thre Elower de luces golde and to the creast vppon the healme in a wreath golde and asur a demi Goate ermyns horned and cleaed (sic) golde a coller and chayne aboute his neck sables manteled gules dobled silver as more playnly apperith depicted in this margent." To have and holde the saide armes and creast to y^ said William Kimpton esquier and to his posteritie with their due differences and he and they the same to vse beare and shewe in Shilde cote-armour or otherwise and (therein) to be revested at his and their liberty and pleasure without impediment let or interruption of any person
"■ Add. Charters. No. 6,218.
b Cf. Hai-1. MS. ],5.51, f. 6i.
The Parish of Mo like ii Sadley. 55
or persons. In witues whereof I the saide Clarencieulx Kinge of Armes have sett hereunto my hande and seale of Ofl&ce the third of Aprill Ao do'i 1574 and in the sixtenth yere of the raigne of oure soveraigne Lady Queene Elizabeth &c.
Robert Cooke alias Clarencieulx Roy Darmes,
On 1 Dec. 1582 " a licence was granted to "William Kympton citizen and alderman of London and Robert Kympton gent, to alienate the manor of Hadley al's Monken Hadley &c. and the free chapel of Hadley al's Monken Hadley, held of the Queen in capite, to Ralph Woodcock citizen and alderman of London and Solomon Pordage'' gent, to the use of the said William Kympton his heirs and assigns for ever. The occasion of this con- veyance was most probably the marriage of Robert Kympton and Margery daughter of Ralph Woodcock ; Solomon Pordage the co-trustee having married Ursula, another daughter. Woodcock had succeeded Kympton in the ward of Portsoken," but was afterwards transferred to Coleman Street. He served the oifice of sheriff in 1580/ and died early in September 1586, his will being dated on the 1st of that month and proved,^ P.C.C. by his son Thomas on the 7th. His birthplace is therein stated to have been Holmes Chapel, in Cheshire, and he desires to be buried in the parish church of Our Lady, in Aldermanbui-y, where he now dwells, near his late wife Helen, "requiring my executor to rayse a Tombe with the figure of me my wives and xxiiij children." The will contains a bequest to his son in law Robert Kympton of " three hundred poundes, in per- formaunce of the promise and covenant to hym made at the marriage of my daughter now his wief."
Mr. William Kympton was chosen a governor of the Barnet Grammar School 10 Oct. 1591, and was among those present when his son Robert was elected 27 March 1598. He was living 10 Sep. 1601, though absent from a meeting then held, but deceased previous to 24 Feb. 1608.*^ Burghley writes from the Court to Walsingham, 14 Aug. 1587, that he means to ride this night to Barnet, to
^ Pat. 24 Eliz. p*. 9. m. 12. Dec. 1.
" Lysons erroneously substitutes the name of !?imon Hayes for that of Solomon Pordage, and is quite at fault in relation to the vicissitudes of the manor until its acquisition by the Hon. Vere Booth a century later. (Lysons iii. 518.)
<^ Rep. 20 flf. 96, 97"; Rep. 21 f. 48; Town Clerk's Office, Guildhall.
* B. B. Orridge. « Book Windsor 47.
' Grammar Sch. Minute Book.
56 The Parish of Ilonken Kadley.
alderman Kympton's house." The aklerman had, however, resigned his go^yn at an earlier date, as has been ah'eady mentioned.
From time immemorial the privilege of common on Enfield Chace has been a fruitful source of controversy, and in the days of Elizabeth, no less than in our own, occasions arose in which it gave rise to contention. The records of the Duchy of Lancaster exhibit the worthy alderman in the light of a strenuous maintainer of bis manorial franchises. On 26 May 1582,'' 24 Eliz. he bases certain claims on the fact that " the Manor or Lordship of Hadley in auncient tyme was knowen by the name of the heremytage of Hadley and was sometime pcell of the possessions of the late dissolved monastery of Walden." Six years later (30 Eliz) the alle- gations made against him on the score of infringement of the right of common and of unlicensed building seem to have been brought forward according to due course of law. We meet with an answer " of William Kympton, citizen and late alderman of London, to an information against him preferred on Her Majesty's behalf, and on the behalf of Her Majesty's tenants of Enfield, by John Spurling esq. Serjeant of Her Majesty's Court of the Duchy of Lancaster. The defendant asserts a right to free common of joasture for all commonable beasts sanz nomber, levant et couchant, within his manor of Hadley, at all seasons of the year, Avithout i^ayment, and alleges that he has been accustomed to take certain loads of Bruse Wood upon the day of April called the view day, paying to Her Majesty's use twelve pence for every load. And he justifies these claims by the fact that he stands in the place of the late dissolved monastery of Walden and, bv virtue of divers mesne conveyances since the original grant to Sir Thomas Audeley, holds his manor, bordering upon the chace, in as large a manner as if it were still in the hands of the abbot. He goes on to state that, by force of the said title of prescription, ten kine and about twenty or forty sheep represent his reasonable common of pasture ; and that he is in the habit of taking annually some four loads of Bruse Wood, and no more, for his necessary firewood and fuel to be had and expended at his house in Hadley. Dealing in the next place with the accusation that he has erected new tenements to the number of twentj^, he replies that " the vicar or curate of the same church of Hadley being an
•■' State Papers Dom. Lemon. 1581 — 1590, p. 422.
b Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, 24 Eliz. vol. Ixxix. p. 71. Attorney General, &c. v. W. Kympton.
<= Duchy of Lancaster Pleadings, vol. eviii. No. 32. 30 Eliz.
Li 1613, 11 James, a warrant was issued to the earl of Salisbiuy for the revi-\-ing of a Court of Eound-hedge within the chace of Enfield. The people of Hadley, Edmonton, and Mimms, had previously made an appeal for this (24 Eliz.).
The Parish of 3£onken Saclley. 57
honest and learned preacher, whereof this defendant is patron, not having any- convenient place or dwelling lionse to abide in, he this defendant did about ten years past, upon his own soil in the said town of Hadley, erect, build, and set up three or four several little tenements or dwelling houses, in one of which he this defendant hath placed and settled the said curate or vicar to dwell in, and in the other three tenements hath settled three other honest and quiet livers, such as depend and maintain themselves and their families by their trade and several occupations."
The will of E,obert Ivympton, of London, gent, eldest son of the alderman, is dated 15 Sep. 1624.'' His wife, Mary Woodcock, must have predeceased him. To the three children of his brother Thomas Hitchcocke'' (William, Edward, and George) he gives the lease of his house and garden in Goldsmiths' Alley London, wdierein he now dwells, equally between them. All his lands and tenements, as well at Hadley as elsewhere, are bequeathed to his loving kinsmen William Kympton and William Hitchcocke and their heirs equally. The William Kympton just mentioned, his younger brother, did not long survive him. His will, in which he is described as of Hadley gent. " weake in body," is dated 26 May 1625. 1 Charles, and was proved P.C.C. 8. June 1625" by Catharne the widow. To her he bequeathed for life all and singular his lands and tenements in Hadley and South Mimms, in the City of London and wheresoever, the same to descend afterwards to his sons in law William Oxenbridge and Mary his wife and Thomas Hilliard and Elizabeth his Avife and to their heirs equally. He states that he has already assured to his son Robert and the heirs of his body an annuity of £40, issuing out of his lands at Hadley, after the decease of his widow. To the poor people of the town of Hadley £5 is given " to be ymployed in a continewall Stocke for their use." To Ely Tournor minister of Hadley he leaves £5, to his wife forty shillings, to Bridget Tournor his god-daughter £3, and to the other children of the said Ely Tournor ten shillings each. His wife Catharine is appointed sole executrix and Thomas Hilliard and his loving kinsman Thomas Kympton "* overseers, Ely Tournor being one of the witnesses.
" Proved P.C.C. 22 Sep. 1624 by Rowland Squire sole executor. Book Byrde 81.
* Thomas Hitchcocke, gent, was an active Governor of the Barnet Grammar School. He held lands in Hadley of the value of x», circa 1584. Harl. MS. 366 f. 78".
<^ Book Clark 65. June 5, 1625, Mr. William Kempton bur. Hadley Par. Reg.
'^ The family of Kympton was widely spread, as we learn by their wills, over the northern part of Hertford- shire, at Weston and in its neighbourhood. A Thomas Kympton, lately deceased in 1636 (Vide supra pp. 18. 20) occupied a house at Cockfosters in right of Elizabeth his wife, and was probably the person here alluded to.
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. The Farish of Monhen Hadley. 59
About three years before his death I^obert Kympton, thea described as of Woolwich CO. Kent esq. had by indenture, dated 1 Sep. 19 Jac. a.d. 1621"^, being seised in his demesne as of fee, sold to Thomas Emerson of Monken Hadley esq. and Nicholas Hawes of London gent, the manor of Monken Hadley als Hadley, as well as a free chapel called Monken Hadley, and the advowsou, donation, free disposal and right of patronage of the same (una cum advocacione donacione libera disposicione et jure patronatus p'dce libere capelle et ecclesie de Hadley) together Avith a capital messuage and five acres of land, and certain closes called Upper and Nether Brickfield, Upper and Nether lofts land. Bakers and Stock- field, containing by estimation 30i acres &c. aU which premisses were already iu the occupation of the said Thomas Emerson. Erom this sale were excepted'' and reserved by Kobert Kympton divers messuages at Hadley in the respective tenures or occupations of Mounsloe (with 20 acres of land), Hunte, Yonge, Huck- lowe, William Kympton gent, (with 3 acres), Smyth, Dodd, E,ippon, Gale gent." (with 3 acres) Nightingale, Offlett (with 3 acres), Tibballs, Apslyn, Cowper, Rolfe, Yonge, Ball, Percye,'' Eobbes, Throppe, and Rowland Backhouse gent, (with 8 acres).
Mr. Emerson, before acquiring possession of the manor, had been a liberal benefactor to the church, and it must have been with a pang of deep regret that Mr. Ely Tournor wrote down the entry in the burial register :
162-1: June 20. Thomas Emersom armig. dominus huius manerii et douator Imius libri, est sepultus.^
In this one instance only does Mr. Tournor depart from his custom of making the entries in English. To the generous lord of the manor he concedes the distinction of Latin.
The date of the earliest extant register is 1619, when a book w^as given for the purpose by Mr. Emerson. It contains the following title in the handwriting of Mr. Ely Tournor : Incipit Ely Tourno'' (Deo auspicante) decimo tertio die
=> Iiirolled 23 Nov. 19 James.
■' The enumeration of these excepted messuages goes some way towards supplying a list of the inha- bitants of Hadley at that time.
•= This was Mr. John Gale, who will be mentioned hereafter.
'' John Peirsye witnessed the will of Mr. William Kympton.
"31 Aug. 1624. Admin, granted to Jane Emerson, relict of Thomas Emerson, esq. late of Hadley co. Middlesex deceased.
h2
60 The F (Irish of McnJcen Hadley.
mensis Martii Anno cloi 161S (1618-9). There is also a list, in the same hand, of this and other benefactions of the patron at this date.
" This booke was the free gift of Thomas Emersom, Esq. sometimes L'' of the Manner of this parish of Hadly, and this booke was given in the yeare of o' L'' 1619.
Ite in the same yeare he gave to the use of the poore of this parish of Hadley the some of
thirty pounds of lawfull english mony, the pfitts thereof yearly to be given to the poore. Ite in the same yeare at his owne pp coste he beawtified the Chancell and both the Isles, and
the whole body of the Church with waneseott pews and sieled the church with wanescott. Ite in the same yeare he sieled the Chancell.
Itt in the same yeare he built the screene betwixt the Chancell and the Church. Ite he built the pulpitt, and the cover for the font the same yeare, and all this at his owne pp
coste. Ite in the same yeare he gave the Clock and Clockhouse and sett it up at his own pp coste. Ite in the same yeare the said Thomas Emersom gave three pieces of plate, that is to say one
faire guilt spout pott, one Coinunion Cupp with a Cover all guilt, one guilt plate for the
bread at the Coinunion, with a Cover to putt the said plate into. Ite at the same time the said Thomas Emersom gave a faire greene Carpett with silk frindg for
the Coinunion table. Ite he gave a faire damaske table Cloth for the Coinvmion table and also a damaske napkin. Ite a faire greene velvet Coishon for the pulpitt, with a greene Cover. Ite he gave a faire truuck to put these ornaments into. Ite he gave the Coinunion table.
The said Thomas Emersom, Esq. departed this mortall life the 18"" day of June 1623 (sic), and lieth buried in the north Isle of this parish church of Hadly under the north window of the said Isle.
Judged by the standard of an improved taste these renovations were no doubt barbarisms, and what the eyes of simple Ely Tournor regarded with complacency would have met with unreserved condemnation in our own day. Still Mr. Emerson dedicated, we may be sure, the best in his power and, like David of old, in the matter of Arauuah's threshing floor, would have scorned to offer unto the Lord his God of that which had cost him nothing. The actors in any given age, however uncongenial to them, cannot shake themselves altogether free from its prejudices. We must place ourselves in imagination in the year of grace 1619, in order to estimate aright what might or might not then have been done.
In 1619 the tide which, in the latter portion of Elizabeth's reign, had set steadily towards Puritanism, was now widening its channel and flowing apace, soon to carry everything before it — church, crown, constitution — in the reaction against Piome and prerogative. Laud vainly endeavoured to stem it a few years
The PmnsJi of MonTcen Hadley. 61
later, and aesthetic beauty stood little chance of being understood, much less con- sidered, under any circumstances where the merest utility was in question. The erection of a screen seems notwithstanding to indicate a certain amount of respect for ecclesiastical arrangement, unless the object were simply to separate fi"om the rest that portion of the sacred edifice to which the lord and patron laid claim. At the same time we know that Ely Tournor was himself deprived under the Com- monwealth, and any influence he may have possessed, at the period of which we are now speaking, may consequently have been, as far as it extended, on the side of decency and order. Those wainscot pews synchronized nevertheless with the introduction of that new order of things when parishioners, and even non- parishioners, if persons of weight and dignity,'' were permitted to fence off such unsightly inclosures for the benefit of themselves and their families, and to erect galleries here there and everywhere, in defiance of the most elementary principles of architectural design. It is likely too that the wainscot ceiling now first inter- vened between the worshippers and the timbered roof of Tudor times, and that the beautiful arch between nave and tower was now first concealed from view. These evidences of his handiwork have all been swept away, but the name of Emerson will not be forgotten, so long as the Communion plate which he bestowed is still in use to attest his munificence. The family arms are visible upon the three pieces given by him: Az. on a bend arg. three torteaux.
The connection of this family with the parish was not of long duration. The register records the burial of Mr. Thomas Emerson, probably a grandson, 31 Dec. 1624, and by letters patent dated 2 Jan. 2 Car. a.d. 1627, the Sovereign gave his royal licence to Jane Emerson widow, Thomas Emerson esq. son and heir of Thomas Emerson esq. deceased, and Nicholas Hawes gent, to alienate the manor and free chapel to Michael Grigge esq. of London and Mary his wife, during their lives and the life of the longest liver of them, and afterwards to their heirs and assigns for ever, to be held of the King his heirs and successors in capite p servicia inde debita et de jure consueta. On the 15 of the same month,*^ by virtue of the letters patent, Michael Grigge and Mary his wife became the purchasers of the premises in question, and on the ensuing 12 Eeb. (Hil. T. 2 Car. I.) presented themselves in person and demanded seisin."
^ Witness Mr. Henry Coventry of West Lodge. Supra p. 26.
•> The deed was inrolled 5 Feb. 2 Car.
<= De Michaele Grigge & Uxore occasionatis ad ostendendum quo Titulo tenent Manerium de Hadley, in Comitatu Middlesexise. Hilarij Eecorda. 2 Car. I. Eotulo 227. Lord Treasm-er's Eemembrancers of Exchequer. Memoranda. Hil. 2 Car. I. No. 8. at Record Office.
62 The Parish of Moiiken Sadley.
On one later occasion only are the Emersons met with in connection with Hadley. A deed still extant/ under the date of 30 Aug. 1626, 2 Car. and made hetween Thomas Emerson of Monken Hadley co. Middx. esq. and Jane Emer- son, mother of the said Thomas Emerson, of the parish and county aforesaid, widow, of the one part, and Ely Tournor of Hadley aforesaid Clerk and minister of God's word there, John Gale, Thomas Sadler, John Howkins, Godfrey Maid- well, Rohert Boucher, Erancis Atkinson, of Monken Hadley, gentlemen, Thomas Eletcher, Thomas Prudden, Richard Gould the elder, John Sage the younger, Thomas Bigg, John Pierson, and Thomas Huckle of Monken Hadley, yeomen, of the other part, witnesses that Thomas and Jane Emerson, in consideration of £40 '' paid to them by the said fourteen persons, bargain and sell all that messuage or tenement with a gprden, then in the tenure of William Bowman, To have and to hold the same for ever, upon trust, nevertheless, to "ymploie all and every the anuall yssucs and proflitts of all and singuler the said premisses to and for theComon good benefitt and advantage of y' Inhabitants of the said parish." Provision is made that so often as the number of Co-feoffees is reduced to six, the vacancies are to be supplied by the inhabitants, and the vendors constitute William Cattle of Hadley, yeoman, their attorney to entpr into and deliver up the premisses to the Co-feoffees.
In a report of the Commissioners of Inquiry concerning charities, dated 23 Jan. 1823, it was found that the trust had been duly kept up agreeably to the provisions, that the premises had been demised in 1728 to Charles Poulton for 99 years, from Michaelmas 1719, at 40s. per ann : and that the lease having become vested in Andrew Hopegood, he surrendered the same, on condition of receiving a new lease for 61 years from Lady Day 1808, at an annual rent of £8. The premises consisted of a small house and garden, abutting east and south on the premises of the said Andrew Hopegood, and formed the eastern portion of the present residence of E. H. Hay, esq." who holds of the H.opegood family. In pursuance of a resolution of the Trustees made in April 1809 the rent was applied to the purchase of coals for the church stove. It had previously been laid out in coals for the poor. The house was afterwards sold to meet the contribution
^ In the possession of the late Francis Vere Hopegood, esq.
'' Mention is frequently made in early times of the parish stock, which was probably the aggregate of divers legacies and benefactions. It is not unlikely that the purchase money was supplied from this source.
' Eector's Churchwarden since Easter 1868 to the present time.
The Farish of Monhen Hadley. 63
required of Hadley towards the erection of the Barnet Union House, and this Charity, which had been known as Emer.^oii's, thus came to an end.
Mrs. Jane Emerson was buried at Hadley 29 Feb. 1628/ and her son Thomas Emerson esq. 30 Sep. 1631.'' The grave had consequently closed over three generations, each bearing the same Christian and surname, within the short interval of seven years.
Concerning Mr. Michael Grigge's tenure of the manor and patronage of the free chapel nothing has come down to us. Neither have I been able to discover the date and circumstances of their next transfer. Clutterbuck," in mentioning the marriage of Rechard Grigge, his daughter, to Richard Peacocke esq.*^ of Einchley, lord of the manor of Totteridge, says that he was a London alderman, but the name is not met with in the lists. Both he and his son-in-law were elected Governors of the Barnet Grammar School 29 May 1634. It was during his connection with Hadley that the covmtry was convulsed by the Civil War, and its vicissitudes had affected the little village in tlie deprivation of Mr. Ely Tournor. The name occurs only once in the parish register,'' but that of South Mimms contains the marriage of his daughter Mary, 23 Dec. 164-6, and Sir Richard Gamon,*^ whom his brother-in-law, Richard Peacocke, under date of 28 Eeb. 1664, constituted one of the overseers of his will. The will of Anthony Grigge, citizen and goldsmith of London, in which he bequeaths everything to his loving father Mr. Michael Grigge, was proved 9 Oct. 1621,* but several members of the family died intestate.'' Letters of administration were granted,
"15 Nov. 1028. Admin, granted to John Emerson, son of Thomas Emerson of Hadle}', esq. of goods unadministered by Jane his relict, now also deceased.
25 Nov. 1628. Admin, granted to John Emerson the son of Jane Emerson, -svidow, late of the jiarish of St. Andrew's Holbom, deceased.
b 2 Dec. 1631. Admin, granted to Mary, relict of Thomas Emerson of Ratcliff in the parish of Stepney CO. Midd. esq. deceased.
" Hist, of Hertfordshire ii. 449.
'' Buried at Finchley, 15 Aug. 1671. Will proved P.C.C. by Rechard Peacocke, the relict, 1 Nov. 1671. Book Duke 127. Mr. Thomas Peacocke, son of Richard Peacocke esq. was bur. at Hadley 12 Aug. 1641. Par. Reg.
<^ 18 Aug. 1636, Joseph son of Michael Grigg and Mary his wife bapt.
f His name is not amongst the knights made by Charles I. between 1625 — 1645. Lansd. MS. 870 f. 68.
s P.C.C. Book Dale 84.
'■ 5 March 1656-7. Admin, of Michael Grigge, late in the parts beyond the sea, bachelor, granted to Benjamin his brother, to administer what has been left unadministered by Abraham, his late brother, the former admin, having been in Nov. 1645.
64 The Farish of 3Ionhcn Sadley.
31 Jan. 1650-1, to Abraham, son of Michael Grigge, deceased, late of the parish of St. Gregory in the city of London, the relict renouncing. A few years later, 16 Nov. 1657, there was a renewal of the same to Benjamin, another son, in consequence of Abraham's death,'' Mary the widow again renouncing.
Some obscurity hangs over the dealings of this period. The last recorded act of Michael Grigge bears the date of 23 July 1650," when he, with John Langham,'' of London, esq. Sir Edmund Pye,* of St. Martin's in the fields, knt. and bart. Sir Thomas Allen, of Finchley, knt. Richard Peacocke, of Einchley, esq. and John Musters, of Lincoln's Inn co. Middx. esq. bargained and sold the White Bear to Edward Nicholls, of South Mimms, yeoman. This could not have been long before his death, and his widow, who possessed, as we have seen, an interest in the manor and free chapel during their joint lives and the life of the survivor, Avas still living. We find, notwithstanding, in the parliamentary survey of 1650," that the Commissioners returned Monken Hadley as a Donative presentative and that Aston esq. hath the presentation thereof.
There was at this period residing at Hadley one William Ashton son and heir of William Ashton esq. of Tingritb in Bedfordshire. He married Mary, the surviving daughter of Henry Ewer, of South Mimms, by whom he had an only child, also named Mary, who was one year old in 1634.'^ At a later date w'e find his widow in possession of the manor house, with a life interest therein, of which an intimation is likewise met with in Harl. MS. 5801 f. 28." Mr. Ashton died 3 Oct. 1651, having signed his will'' the previous day, and was buried at Hadley,
" 13 Feb. 1G56-7. Admin, of Abraham Grigge, late of Warfield, co. Berks, esq. granted to Margaret his widow.
i" Vide supra p. 46, note *■.
'^ Eldest son of Edward Langliam, of Gillesborougli, and born at Northampton in 1584. Alderman of Portsoken Ward, and thence transferred to Bishopsgate. Elected a Governor of the Barnet Grammar School, as of Hadley, 20 July 1637. Cr. a baronet 7 June 1660. Died 13 May 1671 at Crosby House in Bishopsgate Street. Will proved P.C.C. 21 June 1671. (Book Duke 79.) The name appears in the Hadley register in 1636-7. See Burke's Peerage. Harl. MSS. 1358, f. 12"; 1476, f. 84; 5533, f. 134. Clarendon's Hist, of the Rebellion, iii. 333.
* Edmund Pye, esq. of Leckhampstead and Bradenhamco. Bucks, cr. a bart. 27 Apr. 1641, d. s.p.m. 1G73.
"= Parliamentary Surveys, Lambeth Libr. vol. xii. 134.
' Harl. MSS. 1234 f. 138"; 1546 f. 112. Hist, of South Mimms.
s Le Neve's Knights. Cf. Harl. Soc. Pub. vol. viii. 87.
h Proved P.C.C. 14 Nov. 1651 by Mary Ashton, the relict. Book Grey 201. He leaves all his land in Faversham in Kent to his daughter Mary and her heirs for ever, speaks of his mother as still alive, of his brother Robert, of William eldest son of his brother George, of his sister Elizabeth deceased, and of his sister Worsop.
The Parish of Monken Hadley. 65
thougli no entry occurs in the register, at this time very defective. The tablet to his memory described him as one, " who injured no man and departed in peace."" As the sequel shews, such a departure may have been enviable, for a few years afterwards Mrs. Asliton contracted a second marriage with Sir Edward Turnor" or Turnour, who had been elected Speaker of the House of Commons in 1661, and became Chief Baron 23 May 1671. In an evil hour for his happiness this eminent lawyer espoused the widow," — in his case likewise it was a second marriage, — and the terms of a bequest in his will indicate that the union turned out lanfortunately. At the same time, being a just man, he could not find it in his heart to pass her over altogether without notice. Accordingly, having taken care that her jointure should be secured to her, he leaves her £20 to purchase a mourning ring, coupled with his forgiveness of all her past unkindness.
Previously, however, to September 1661, the manor and patronage of the donative had become the property of the family of Hayes.'' John Hayes esq. of Hadley, citizen and salter of London, in his will,° dated the 14 of that month, "being sicke in body," devises all that the manor of Hadley «Z'* Monken Hadley, and the capital messuage or manor house there, and the advowson of the church of Hadley aVs Monken Hadley, and all other the messuages &c. at Hadley, and all that the manor of Meshaw aVs Meshath aVs Meshwitt co. Devon &c. and the messuage called Mynch in Bradford in the parish of Witheridge co. Devon, and lands at Ridge co. Herts, occupied by John Huddle the younger (excepting only a freehold messuage &c. at Leighton Buzzard, which he gives to his wife Mar- garet for life), to his executrix and overseers in trust for sale, to secure the payment of his debts and legacies. Should any portion of the preceding remain unsold, he settles it upon his son John and the heirs male of his body, with remainder to his sons William, Simon, Samuel, James, and Benjamin in succession, limited in like manner, with remainder to their heirs female, and with an ultimate remainder to his daughters Bridget, Elizabeth, Margaret, and
" MS. Peter le Neve, Norroy King of Arms. Monumenta Anglicana, by John le Neve. a.d. 1718.
•> Ancestor, through females, of the Tumours, earls of Winterton. He was born in Threadneedle Street in 1617, the eldest son of Arthur Turnor, serjeant at law.
"^ The marriage must have taken place before 22 May 1665, when Mrs. Joan Ewer, the mother of Lady Mary Tumor, speaks of him, in her will, as her son-in-law, and for some reason appears to have regarded him with disfavour. P.C.C. Book Carr 19.
•^ Benjamin, son of John Hayes esq. was bapt. 26 March 1657. Hadley Par. Eeg.
« Proved P.C.C. 22 Nov. 1661 by Margaret, the relict, sole executrix. Book May 179. On 6 June 1664 a commission was issued to John Hayes esq. the son, to administer what was left unadministered by Margaret the widow, deceased.
I
66
The Parish of Monhen Sadley.
Eebecca and their lieii-s. To his daughter Bridget he gives £1500, to his daughters Elizabeth and Margaret £1000 each, and to Eebecca £800, the three younger daughters being under age. To his son William and his heirs for ever he devises the messuage or inn called the Eose and Crown and Mitre in Chipping Barnet, and he stipulates that his four younger sons shall be kept at school until they are fifteen years of age, and then apprenticed. To the poor of Hadley there is a bequest of £5 and an equal sum to the poor of High Barnet. A codicil gives authority to his executrix to grant leases for 21 years or three lives.
fedifliiw of HATES.^
^ John Hayes, of=j PuddingtoD, I CO. Devon,
- dau. of — Stukeley.
John Hayes, of=pEIizabeth, dau. of Cooper,
Puddington. | of Glympton, co. Oxon.
I
Edward Hayes, of Pudding- ton, eldest
— \
John Hayes, 2 son, of Lon- don, Salter, 1634. Died 8 Oct. 1661.
[ ^-r
Margaret. Robert. William, =^ deceased in Sep, 1661. I
Frances, mar, John Radford of Chens- ford, CO. Devon.
Eliza- beth.
Margaret, mar. Hugh Melhuish of Chumleigh, CO. Devon,
John Hayes. Bur. at Hadley 27 Sep. 1670.
Simon. Bur. at Hadlev 4 Feb. 1691-2.
Samuel. James.
Benjamin. Bapt, at Hadley 26 of March 1657."
Bridget. Elizabeth. jNIargaret. Rebecca.
William, living Sep. 1661.
Mary, bapt. at Hadley, 20 Jan. 1666-7.
John, bapt. at Hadley, 15 Dec. 1667.
Phoebe, bapt. at Hadley, 29 Oct, 1669.
Mr. Hayes had constituted his "worthy friend," Sir Edward Turner knt." one of the overseers of the will, and in the rate book of 1678 '^ we find Lady Mary Tumor occupying the manor house for her life, probably by virtue of the power created by the codicil. However this may have been, she carried herself in that position with a high hand. The parish recoi'ds speak of her as the lady of the manor, and in February 1693-4 she appears to have taken possession of the
" Harl. MS. 1476 f. 458". Visitation of London 1633, 1634. A marginal note states that tlie arms are respited for a fortnight for proof. Of. Harl. MS. 1538 f. 96". Burke's General Armory gives for the bearings of Hayes of Hadley, Az. on a pale or, three bulls' heads couped sa.
" Admin, of the goods of Benjamin Hayes, bachelor, late of the ship Bengal, merchant, in the East Indies, was granted, 7 Oct. 1678, to Simon Hayes, the brother and next of kin.
•= He died on cuxuit at Bedford, 4 March 1676.
'^ With the exception of the year 1668, this is the earliest date, to which these records go back. She may Lave taken up her abode at Hadley upon becoming a widow for the second time.
The Parish of Monken Hadley. 67
church key and to have delivered the same to Mr. Lee, when appointed to succeed Mr. Tayler. The patronage had, notwithstanding, passed previously to this, at least hy way of mortgage, from the Hayes family to the Hon. Vere Booth. This lady was the only child (by his first marriage with Lady Katharine Clinton, dau. and coheir of Theophilus earl of Lincoln), of Sir George Booth bart. cr." 20 Apr. 1661, baron Delamere, of Dunham Massie co. Chester, in recognition of his past services to the royal cause. Her father, dying 8 Aug. 1684,'' was succeeded by her half-brother Henry, 2nd baron, who played so conspicuous a part in the events which led to the accession of William and Mary. A Whig of some eminence, he had been committed to the Tower on an accusation of having been concerned in Monmouth's insurrection, and in the month of Dec. 1685 was brought to trial in the Lord High Steward's court and acquitted. The law was strained to the utmost to procure a condemnation, whilst Jeffreys, who presided, owed him a personal grudge, and bore himself with extreme insolence and injus- tice towards the prisoner. After the acquittal Lady Rachel E^ussell wrote to her correspondent, Dr. Fitzwilliam, 15 Jan. 1686, " I do bless God that he has caused some stop to be put to the shedding of blood in this poor land." On 16 Nov. 1688 he took up arms in Cheshire in behalf of the Prince of Orange, and on the 17 of the following month was sent with Halifax and Shrewsbury from William, then at Windsor, to James, to demand the fallen monarch's removal from Whitehall. He married Mary dau. and sole heiress of Sir James Langham hart.' of Cottesbrooke, and in April 1690 was advanced to the dignity of earl of Warrington.''
By indenture bearing date 7 March 1683-4 Simon Hayes, therein described as citizen and druggist of London, being entitled to the fee simple of the estate,
'^ The elder son of "William Booth, who had died 26 Apr. 1636 in the lifetime of his father Sir George Booth, the first baronet, by Vere, second daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Egerton, eldest son of Thomas, viscount Brackley, Lord Chancellor. Burke's Ext. Peerage.
b Will dated 1 Aug. 1671 ; proved P.C.C. 14 Jan. 1698 by George, earl of Warrington, his grandson.
<= The son and successor of Sir John Langliam, 1*". bart. of Cottesbrooke, co. Northants (supra p. 64 note "). The -svill of Sir James Langham was proved by dame Dorothy, his widow, P.C.C. ]5 Sep. 1699 (Book Pett 147).
'1 Macaulay, Hist, of England ii. 36. 38. 40. 511. 581. iii. 539. Burke's Extinct Peerage. Clarendon remarks that a little thing sufficed to put lord Delamere into a passion. In a poem entitled the King of Hearts, he is described as " a restless malcontent even when preferred," whilst his countenance itself fur- nished a subject for satire:
" His boding looks a mind distracted show; And envy sits engraved upon his brow."
i2
68 The Parish of Monken Sadley.
subject to the life interest of dame Mary Turnor, mortgaged the same to the Hon. Vere Booth, of the parish of St. Giles' in the Eields, to secure the sum of £1600. The indenture in question conveys " all that the manor of Hadley aVs Munken Hadley and the Courts & Perquisites thereto belonging ; and all that capital messuage or Manor House situate and being in Hadley aVs Munken Hadley aforesaid &c. then or then late in the possession of dame Mary. Turnor her undertenants and assignee, & aU those 14 acres of meadow and pasture ground therewith enjoyed or thereunto belonging & all those two messuages then or late in the several tenures of — Howard and of her the said dame Mary Turnor, & all other the messuages &c. of him the said Simon Hayes expectant upon the death of the said dame Mary Turnor" &c.
Mr. Simon Hayes was buried at Hadley 4 Feb. 1691-2, and a year afterwards, 7 Feb. 1692-3, letters of administration of the goods of Simon Hayes, late of Hadley, bachelor, deceased, were granted to the Hon. Vere Booth, Spinster." In the mean time we may surmise that dame Mary Turnor reigned supreme as titular lady of the manor, and no doubt caused her will to be felt. This singular person, whose remarkable testament will be found in the History of South Mimms, to which her own family more directly belonged, passed the latter years of her life at Hadley, and there died in January 1701. She was buried at South Mimms on the 16 of that month, and must have lived to a very advanced age,'' — a circumstance which may have aggravated, though it could scarcely have originated, her eccentricities. It is likely enough that Mrs. Vere Booth, residing at a distance, and having at best a deferred interest in the parish during Lady Tumor's lifetime, may have been content to let her act in alJ things without being interfered with.
From the will " of Vere Booth herself it may be concluded that she had taken care to secure her reversion, by foreclosing the mortgage effected by Simon Hayes. It is at all events open to conjecture that there must have been a certain amount of doubt respecting the title. " I give devise and bequeath," she says in that instrument, wherein she is described as of Adderbury co. Oxon, spinster, " nnto my dear brother the Hon. George Booth esq. and to the Right Hon. the Lady Lucy Booth"* his wife, and to their heirs executors administrators and
^ Act Book 1693, f. 22. ^ Hist, of South Mimms 63 note ".
" Dated 16 March, 1 Geo. A.n. 1714-5, and proved P.C.C. 21 Feb. 1717-8. Book Tenison, 24. She was in her 7-lrth year at the time of her decease. Burke's Extinct Peerage.
<> Daughter of Eobert, viscount Bodmin (ob. v. p.) eldest son of John Eobartes, earl of Radnor. Henry the only son of George and Lady Lucy Booth had died before his parents, unmarried.
The Parish of Monken Hadley. 69
assigns, tlie manor of Hadley aVs Monken Hadley in the county of Middlesex, and all and every other the manors messuages lands tenements and hereditaments whatsoever with their and every of their rights members and appurtenances, which have at any time heretofore been conveyed to me or to trustees for me by Simon Hayes, late of London druggist, or his trustees, as and for a security for £1600, principal money and interest, and all my estate right title and interest of in to or out of all and every the manors lands tenements and hereditaments, which I am or at the time of my death shall be any way intituled unto by virtue of any conveyance or assignment from the said Simon Hayes, or his trustees, or any claiming under him, or by virtue of any decree of foreclosure of the equity * of redemption of the manors lands and hereditaments mortgaged to or in trust for me by the said Simon Hayes, and all and every sum and sums of money that shall at the time of my death be due to me by virtue of any mortgage or mortgages from the said Simon Hayes and the whole benefit and advantage of the same."
By indenture dated" 28 Oct. 1724 the Hon. George Booth, described as of St. James' Westminster, Lord of the Manor of Hadley, " did demise grant and to farm let, for 38^ years, to Percival Chandler, all the ground belonging to the Old Manor House of Hadley aforesaid together with all the stables and other build- ings (except the stone pavement which the said George Booth did thereby reserve to his own disposal) as also all the timber trees &c. and also all and singular the fish ponds and other ponds in and upon the Common belonging to the said manor cf Hadley." In the will of Mr. Booth, a very brief document, published and declared 18 Peb. 1717, shortly after his acquisition of the manor, there is no mention of his wife Lady Lucy, who was probably already deceased. Commencing with the words, " Being in Christian charity with all the world," after a few small bequests, he appoints Mrs. Hester Pinney to be his sole executrix. In a codicil, dated 31 March 1726, he releases the same lady from all claims upon her and confirms the previous will, which was proved 4 July 1726.°
•■' From the title deeds of tlie manor we learn that, in 1731, a suit in Chancery was instituted by the only son and heir at law of Thomas Hayes, nephew and heir at law of Simon Hayes, against Hester Pinney and the surviving executor of Vere Booth, to redeem the mortgage, but it does not seem to have been pro- ceeded with. It was alleged, to account for the delay, that, when Simon Hayes died, his nephew Thomas was in the East Indies, and died in Guinea, without returning to England, leaving plaintiff an infant.
" Deeds belonging to the manor, to which access has been allowed me through the kindness of Mrs. Hyde, the present lady of the manor.
By Hester Pinney, spinster. P.C.C. Book Plymouth 139.
70 The Farisli of Monken Sadley.
Hadley is not even mentioned in this will, which contains no disposition that might be construed to affect the manor. Hester Pinney seems, notwithstanding, to have assumed possession of it, as executrix, nor is there a trace of her title having been contested. There is a certain ambiguity as to her connection with Mr. George Booth. In the title deeds it is broadly asserted that she had been his mistress, but it is fair to remember that assertion is not proof. At the date of the will she had attained the mature age of fifty-nine, having been born, it is said, in 1668 ; besides continuing to live, as is undoubted, on terms of intimate relationship with her own family. She was the eighth of ten children of Mr. John Pinney, a nonconformist minister, who, having originally received episcopal ordination, renounced it under the Commonwealth, and was re-ordained by the Presbyterians. Upon the ejection of Thomas Puller, he succeeded to the vicarage of Broadwinsor, in Dorsetshire. Dr. Puller, when he came back at the Bestoration, is reported to have heard